To provide a more complete picture of federal, state, and local job training investments, this report describes public expenditures for three states—Massachusetts, Texas, and Washington—and five cities—Austin, Boston, Houston, Seattle, and Worcester. Compared with the federally funded Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, state and local investments in workforce training and related services are substantial, in some cases surpassing federal funding. States and localities demonstrate six strategies to manage funding: seeking diverse revenue sources, leveraging public and private funding, braiding and blending funding, using dedicated fees for training, funding sector-based training initiatives, and collaborating and coordinating to fill training gaps.

Read the stand-alone executive summary

Read the related fact sheet, “Private Investment in Workforce Training”