By the late 1990s, the Chicago Housing Authority's troubled developments were home to thousands of vulnerable residents, many of them children.The hypothesis of the Chicago Family Case Management Demonstration was that using a family-focused approach would benefit both children and parents. While the Demonstration successfully engaged adults, there is no evidence that these benefits produced better outcomes for children and youth. Instead, the findings paint a portrait of children in crisis. This brief profiles these vulnerable children and suggests strategies for building on the successes of the Demonstration to improve the life chances of CHA's children and youth.