Concerns about maternal morbidity and mortality in the US have focused attention on uninsurance during the first year after pregnancy and fueled efforts to improve access to postpartum coverage. In this report, we assess the current public health insurance landscape for pregnant and postpartum women, including Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and subsidized Marketplace coverage; recently proposed state and federal legislation to extend postpartum coverage; and how much such legislation could expand the coverage landscape for new mothers. Under current subsidized coverage options, gaps remain for many women, and extending pregnancy-related Medicaid/CHIP coverage from 60 days to 12 months postpartum could considerably expand new mothers’ coverage options in most states and promote continuous care during the postpartum period.