Yonah Freemark, who leads the Urban Institute’s Fair Housing, Land Use, and Transportation Practice Area, submitted this public comment about the Department of Transportation’s proposed changes to the Federal Transit Administration’s Capital Investment Grants program. His comment addresses two provisions of the proposed rule: those related to cost effectiveness and a preference for projects located in communities with high birth and marriage rates. This rule’s changes related to cost effectiveness could substantially reduce federal investment in public transportation projects and further delay—or even encourage the cancellation of—many projects in advanced stages of planning. The changes related to birth and marriage rates would disproportionately focus investment in wealthier communities where people are less likely to take advantage of transit in the first place. Based on these findings, Freemark recommends that the Federal Transit Administration reconsider these aspects of its proposed Capital Investment Grants regulations.