Although the US economy has rebounded since the Great Recession of 2007, troubling signs of economic insecurity remain. In the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, poverty rates increased steadily, leaving one in eight residents (284,000 people) in poverty in 2012, and another 192,000 just above the poverty threshold. This report traces the rise in poverty throughout the region since 2000 and focuses on groups most vulnerable to poverty: children, elderly, female-headed households, people of color, and people with disabilities, including veterans. It also examines the region’s growing nonprofit health and human services sector, which has not financially recovered fully from the recession.