This U.S. Department of Education-funded project was designed to combine the best of local initiative with technical expertise for the purpose of studying how school districts measure the impact of professional development programs in a standards-based environment. With technical assistance from Urban Institute reearchers, and financial support from the Department, four school districts and one consortium of small rural districts designed and conducted evaluations of their professional development programs. These evaluations attempted to link professional development to student performance on assessments. This final report showcases high levels of effort among participating districts and some important lessons about evaluation for policymakers, evaluators, and educators.