Child care subsidies now serve an estimated 2 million low-income children. Despite these numbers, policymakers all too often see child development and parental work goals as separate. As a result, work support services such as child care subsidies have not focused on supporting the development of the children that they serve. This article describes current approaches to child care subsidies and identifies the challenges facing those who want to integrate a stronger child development focus into the subsidy system. It discusses questions that policymakers, practitioners, and researchers can explore to help the subsidy system achieve a better balance between supporting parental work and supporting child development. (Reposted from Early Childhood Research Quarterly 17, No. 4 (2002): 418–40.)