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More than one-third of all children were eligible for both Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Medicaid/Children's Health Insurance Program benefits in 2011, the most recent year of data available. Far fewer adults were jointly eligible for reasons including childrens' high poverty rates and state eligibility policies. However, joint participation rates (the share of eligible people receiving benefits) suggest that many eligibles were not participating. In four out of five of states with available data, less than three-quarters of jointly eligible adults and children were receiving both benefits. Efforts to streamline and integrate application systems could improve program reach to families in need.