This study examines workforce changes in the health care industry. It places these changes within an overall context by tracing broad, historical trends in the U.S. economy, by describing recent patterns highlighting the relationship between economic structure and workforce opportunity, and by presenting empirical evidence concerning job stability and occupational mobility in the United States. It then examines workforce opportunities from this industry's perspective. It looks at how the health care industry is restructuring itself, the implications of this restructuring for the workforce, and the strategies for shaping the structure of jobs and training to expand upward mobility for low-skill workers.