This policy brief provides data that suggest that many, if not most, foster care children in the United States were not living with their father at the time they were removed from their home. The brief also examines data on whether noncustodial fathers had contact with their child or contributed to the child's support. Legislative and policy changes in child welfare and child support programs are discussed within the context of identifying and locating fathers of foster children to expedite permanent placements for these children or as a means of providing opportunities for increased father involvement.