US safety net programs are often evaluated in isolation, though families typically participate in multiple programs. Our analysis measures the simultaneous effect of three programs and accounts for behavioral responses. We find that participation in TANF, SNAP, or Medicaid/SCHIP reduces the number of hardships low-income families with children experience by 1.23 (on average) and food insufficiency by 18.5 percentage points. Our 14.9 percentage-point reduction in unmet medical or dental need is not statistically significant in our conservative standard error estimate. Our models exploit variation in state rules and policies across states and over two decades to identify the effect of program participation on material hardship using monthly data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation and other sources.