As the disparities in health and life expectancy between American Indian and Alaska Native peoples and other US populations continue to widen, it is critical for researchers and policymakers to examine the biases and limitations inherent in our Western data practices and health approaches, which often overlook and harm Native communities.

This review, tailored for non-Native researchers and policymakers, serves as a foundational resource for initiating this process of reflection and learning. It achieves this by providing historical context and examining ongoing policies that have marginalized Native communities. Furthermore, it amplifies the wisdom of Native scholars, centering both intergenerational and modern perspectives on health, well-being, and scientific methodologies.

Through this approach, we aim to cultivate a deeper understanding of the root causes behind these stark health disparities. By showcasing Native models of health and evaluation, we seek to empower communities and promote more inclusive and effective data-driven decisionmaking in research and policy.