[ Health Affairs] Assessing the New Federalism (ANF) is a large multiyear research project of the Urban Institute that examines a broad spectrum of social policies, including health policy. The project is based on two premises. The first is that states are at the forefront of redesigning U.S. safety-net policy today, and, therefore, state variations are important to document and understand. The second premise of ANF is that the recent state and federal social policy changes are significant and will affect all low-income Americans and not just welfare or Medicaid recipients.