Social risks, including socioeconomic status, environmental and living conditions, and racial and ethnic discrimination, affect health care and health outcomes. As health care payers like Medicare and Medicaid increasingly focus on paying for value over volume, value-based payment (VBP) approaches and quality measures have proliferated. To the extent that social risks outside providers’ control affect health outcomes, VBP approaches could inadvertently penalize providers that see patients who face social risks. The Urban Institute brought together a panel of national experts to discuss how to account for social risk in VBP and quality measurement, and this brief summarizes the panel’s insights.