The federal Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) is a primary source of assistance helping low-income parents pay for child care. Among other goals, the Office of Child Care has specified that CCDF policies should be "fair to providers." This issue matters because CCDF policies can influence provider decisions about enrolling children with vouchers as well as provider decisions about quality. This brief summarizes research that can inform implementation of CCDF policies that are fair to providers with a focus on payment rates, payment policies, timeliness of payment, and administrative and other costs of participation in the CCDF voucher system.