Eligibility for existing health programs for low-income seniors is generally based on applicants' income and assets. Targeting assistance to those with limited means requires consideration of how eligibility will be determined and whether the criteria currently used by existing programs allow them to reach their intended populations. This report reviews the income and assets of the current Medicare population, provides an overview of the asset test and other aspects of the process used to determine eligibility for programs assisting low-income Medicare beneficiaries, and considers how a range of policy options would affect eligibility and enrollment.