This paper provides national estimates of the risk and duration of common chronic conditions and disability in later life to shed light on the relative late-life burden of chronic diseases among all Americans and demographic subgroups. Data from the National Mortality Followback Survey for survivors to age 65 were analyzed to project the lifetime risk and duration of several chronic conditions and examine their relationship with remaining life expectancy and four different types of disability. Women at age 65 who have been very overweight most of life can expect to die 3.1 years sooner and to have disabilities over a year longer than the average for all women, and dementia also is strongly related to a relatively long period of difficulty performing basic activities among men and Blacks.