Hardship Among Children of Immigrants: Findings From the 1999 National Survey of American Families (Table 1)

TABLE 1. Indicators for Children of Immigrants and Children of Natives, by State

	United States		California		Colorado		Florida		Massachusetts		New Jersey		New York		Texas		Washington
	Immigrants	Natives	Immigrants	Natives	Immigrants	Natives	Immigrants	Natives	Immigrants	Natives	Immigrants	Natives	Immigrants	Natives	Immigrants	Natives	Immigrants	Natives
Family Income and Poverty
Below 100% of poverty level, %	24	16	25	16	20	11	19	18	15	11	12	12	27	19	36	18	22	11
Below 200% of poverty level, %	52	37	55	32	51	29	49	42	37	26	33	25	54	39	73	41	47	29
Median family income	$35,900	$46,200	$35,000	$52,500	$38,000	$52,800	$36,000	$40,100	$45,400	$58,000	$50,500	$62,600	$34,800	$44,200	$26,500	$42,900	$40,000	$51,300
Food Concerns and Affordability
One or more food-related problems, %	37	27	38	30	44	25	43	32	28	22	27	23	33	29	49	33	34	28
Housing Affordability and Crowding
Paying at least half of income for rent or mortgage, %	14	6	15	11	10	4	15	6	12	7	9	10	26	12	11	5	9	6
Problems paying rent, mortgage, or utilities, %	18	17	19	17	20	14	20	19	18	16	13	16	20	19	22	19	18	16
Living in crowded housing (more than 2 people per bedroom), %	29	7	37	12	28	5	17	6	13	4	15	7	32	9	38	11	24	5
Health Insurance, Access, and Health Status of Children
Uninsured, %	22	10	23	6	25	8	28	12	6	2	16	5	13	6	40	17	8	6
No usual source of care, %	14	4	13	5	13	3	13	6	6	1	8	3	9	2	21	6	5	4
In fair or poor health, %	9	4	9	4	11	3	7	5	6	3	6	3	11	4	14	4	6	3
Children of Immigrants (1996–99 mean in CPS; in thousands)	12,469		4,318		142		835		237		503		1,391		1,328		176
Children of Immigrants (1999 NSAF, in thousands)	10,918		3,671		142		796		247		467		1,104		1,434		177
Source: Data from the 1999 National Survey of America's Families. Notes: Figures represent percentages of children for each indicator. Bold denotes statistically significant differences between children of immigrants and natives at the 0.10 confidence level. There are no tests of statistical significance for differences in median income. CPS = Current Population Survey; NSAF = National Survey of America's Families.