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    <title>Urban Institute: Retirement and Older Americans</title>
    <link>http://www.urban.org/retirees/index.cfm</link>
    <description>Urban Institute reports on: Retirement and Older Americans - The Urban Institute is a nonprofit nonpartisan policy research and educational organization established to examine the social, economic, and governance problems facing the nation.</description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright 2010 Urban Institute</copyright>
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    <lastBuildDate>Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:35:10 EST</lastBuildDate>
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	    <link>http://www.urban.org</link>
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    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Unemployment Statistics on Older Americans : Updated 3/12]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The recession has increased joblessness among older Americans. These graphs and tables report unemployment rates and how they have varied by age, sex, race, and education since 2007.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411904&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Corina Mommaerts )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Did Older Workers Fare in 2009?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The 2009 economic downturn that pushed up unemployment rates did not spare older workers. Unemployment rates reached record highs in 2009 for men and women age 55 and older. Older African Americans, Hispanics, and adults with limited education were especially likely to find themselves unemployed. Older adults who lost their jobs spent more time out of work than their younger counterparts. There were some encouraging developments, however. Employment rates for adults age 62 and older did not fall because many older workers stayed in the labor force, and earnings for full-time workers age 65 and older grew substantially.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412039&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Corina Mommaerts )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Will Health Care Costs Bankrupt Aging Boomers?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Rising health care costs threaten boomers' retirement security. In 2040, half of adults age 65 and older will spend at least 19 percent of their incomes on health care, up from 10 percent in 2010, if costs grow at the intermediate rate projected by the Medicare trustees. About 7 in 10 older Americans in the bottom two-fifths of the income distribution will spend more than 20 percent of their incomes on health care in 2040. These projections underscore the importance of controlling health care costs and the need for boomers to plan for future health care spending.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412026&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Corina Mommaerts )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Impact of Automatic Enrollment on 401(k) Match Rates: A Methodological Note]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[How employers respond to automatic pension enrollment is important to the debate over how to increase retirement savings for all Americans. We recently completed a study showing that employers with autoenrollment have lower match rates than those without it, suggesting that employers may be trying to offset their higher costs. In contrast, the Employee Benefit Research Institute finds that employers with automatic enrollment have increased match rates since 2005. The two studies measure different concepts and use different time frames. A large sample of 401(k) plans reporting match rates before and after autoenrollment is needed to fully understand employer responses.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412021&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Mauricio Soto )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Budgeting in the Ideal and in the United States]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Institute Fellow Rudy Penner describes how the U.S. budget is prepared by the executive branch and Congress, and how it then is implemented by the executive branch.  The budget preparation process could be improved, Penner asserts, but budget implementation works smoothly and efficiently. The severe long-run budget problem the country faces is caused by only three spending programs: Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid. All are growing faster than the economy, and there is strong opposition against raising tax burdens. Changes are suggested for the budget process so that it is better suited for dealing with this long-run problem.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901317&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Rudolph G. Penner )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Seniors Change Their Asset Holdings During Retirement]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[We use the Health and Retirement Study to investigate household assets at older ages. We find a notable increase in the net worth of older households between 1998 and 2006, with most of the growth due to housing. The age pattern of asset accumulation and decumulation varies considerably by income. High-income seniors increase assets at older ages. Middle-income seniors reduce assets in retirement, but at a rate that will not deplete assets within their expected life. Low-income seniors spend their financial assets at a rate that will mostly deplete them, leaving only Social Security and defined-benefit pensions at older ages.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412006&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Karen E. Smith, Mauricio Soto, Rudolph G. Penner )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Work Ability and the Social Insurance Safety Net in the Years Prior to Retirement]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Questions persist about how well Social Security Disability  Insurance, workers' compensation, Supplemental Security Income, and veterans'  benefits protect people who are unable to work. This study examines disability  benefit receipt, income, and poverty status for a sample of Americans as they  age. The results underscore the precarious financial state of most people  approaching traditional retirement age with disabilities. Fewer than half of  people who meet our disability criteria ever receive disability benefits in  their fifties or early sixties. Poverty rates for those who do are more than  three times as high after benefit receipt than before disability onset.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412008&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Melissa Favreault, Corina Mommaerts )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Disability Just Before Retirement Often Leads to Poverty]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[A patchwork of public programs, including Social Security  Disability Insurance, workers compensation, Supplemental Security Income, and  veterans benefits, provides income supports to people with health problems who  are unable to work. Yet, many Americans who develop disabilities in their  fifties or early sixties fall into poverty. With millions of boomers entering  their sixtieswhen work disability rates peakits time to fix the social  insurance safety net for disabled workers.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412009&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Melissa Favreault, Corina Mommaerts )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412009_disability_retirement.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="51320" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Social Security Retirement Benefit Awards Hit All-Time High in 2009]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Record numbers of older men and women began collecting Social  Security benefits in 2009. New awards surged last year partly because the  age-62 population grew rapidly. More importantly, older Americans were much  more likely to claim Social Security in 2009 than recent previous years,  probably because many seniors were unable to find work. Social Security  benefits provide an important safety net for unemployed older adults, but early  claimants receive permanently reduced benefits, threatening their future  economic well-being.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412010&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Corina Mommaerts )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Older Adults' Labor Force Participation since 1993: A Decade and a Half of Growth]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Labor force participation rates have increased  sharply for older men and women over the past 16 years. Between 1993 and 2009, the  share of adults working or looking for work increased 39 percent for men and 66  percent for women. In 2009, adults age 55 and older made up nearly a fifth of  the nations labor force, the highest share since 1948 when these records  began. The growth in senior participation rates added 3.2 million adults age 62  and older to the nations workforce in 2009, compared with the number who would  have participated if rates remained at their 1993 levels.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412011&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, James Kaminski )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Data Appendix for Older Adults' Labor Force Participation since 1993: A Decade and a Half of Growth]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This data appendix includes detailed tables on Americans employment and labor force participation by age,  sex, education, race, and ethnicity.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412012&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, James Kaminski )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Delaying Retirement an Additional Year Could Offset Stock Market Losses]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The sharp decline in the stock market in 2008 placed the retirement security of many Americans at risk. Although the market has rebounded this year after bottoming out in March 2009, as of mid-October 2009 the S&P 500 Index remained 30 percent below its peak level two years earlier. This brief simulates the impact of the 2008 stock market crash on future retirement savings under alternative scenarios. The results show that by delaying retirement one additional year, many mid- and late-career workers could increase their income at age 67 enough to offset some or all of their stock market losses.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412007&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Karen E. Smith, Eric Toder )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412007_delaying_retirement.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="49104" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Retirement Account Balances (Updated 1/10)]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The retirement savings of American households took a big hit when the stock market crashed in 2008. Recently, however, a good portion of these losses has been reversed. This fact sheet follows trends in retirement account balances since the beginning of 2005.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411976&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Philip Issa )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Fiscal Days of Reckoning]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This presentation to the National Tax Association at a plenary session covers many of the aspect of our current fiscal dilemma: the squeeze on important budget functions, the long-term potential deficits, the rise and fall of domestic discretionary spending, and the impact of the ability of voters to choose the type of government they want.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=500142&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  C. Eugene Steuerle )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/509102_NTApresentationNov.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="1190566" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[To Roth or Not to Roth: The Worst of Budget &amp; Tax Policy]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Presentation to the National Tax Association briefly covers some of implications of Roth accounts and their increased availability in 2010. It points to the negative budget consequences and some of the tax inequities that result-but also to the advantages to some individuals of converting some of their retirement assets in Roth accounts.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=500143&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  C. Eugene Steuerle )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/509104_torothornot.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="364979" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Retirement Security and the Stock Market Crash: What Are the Possible Outcomes?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper simulates the impact of the 2008 stock market crash on future retirement savings under alternative scenarios. If stocks remain depressed as after the 1974 crash, 20 percent of preboomers born 1941-45 and 22 percent of late boomers born 1961-65 would see their retirement incomes drop 10 percent or more. Working another year would reduce the share of these big losers to 14 percent for late boomers. Because most pre-boomers were already retired, their share of big losers would decline slightly to 19 percent. Delaying retirement would disproportionately benefit low-income people because their additional earnings exceed their stock market losses.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411998&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Karen E. Smith, Eric Toder )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411998_retirement_security.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="370637" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Will Automatic Enrollment Reduce Employer Contributions to 401(k) Plans?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Many employers match employee contributions to 401(k) plans. However, the employer cost of continuing this practice may increase rapidly as trends towards automatic enrollment boost employee participation. This paper examines the relationship between employer matching behavior and automatic enrollment. Using a sample of large 401(k) plans, we find that match rates are about 7 percentage points lower among firms with automatic enrollment than among those without automatic enrollment, even controlling for firm characteristics. So while autoenrollment increases the number of workers participating in private pensions, our findings suggest it might also reduce the level of pension contributions.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411995&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Mauricio Soto, Barbara Butrica )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Dec 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411995_employer_contributions_paper.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="368806" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Does Autoenrollment Affect Employer Contributions?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Automatic enrollment, a 401(k) feature that enrolls employees as soon as they become eligible, is growing in popularity because it has been shown to significantly increase pension participation rates. However, higher participation rates increase costs for employers that match employee contributions. This brief evaluates the extent to which firms adjust their 401(k) contributions to offset the higher costs associated with automatic enrollment. We find that employer match rates are 7 percentage points lower among firms with autoenrollment than among those without it, suggesting that automatic enrollment may not promote retirement savings as effectively as some advocates have claimed.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411996&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Mauricio Soto )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Dec 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411996_employer_contributions_brief.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="49059" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Well Have Middle Class American Families Accumulated Wealth? : Net Worth over the Life Cycle between 1989 and 2007]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Many commentators have worried about the low savings rates and high debt levels of American families. Does this picture of unbridled consumption and low asset accumulation fit the American family? Did declines in 2008-2009 house prices, stocks, and bonds reinforce stagnating wealth or offset previous growth in wealth? Using data from the 1989, 1998, and 2007 Surveys of Consumer Finances (SCF) to replicate family experiences over the life cycle by following age cohorts, this fact sheet shows that from 1989 to 2007 American families were accumulating wealth at a healthy rate as individuals and families moved through their life cycle.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411990&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Robert I. Lerman )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411990_17_LermanNetworthOvertime.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="78759" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Policy Polymath Eugene Steuerle Returns to the Urban Institute]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Eugene Steuerle, one of the nation's most respected public policy experts, whose portfolio ranges from taxes and federal spending on children to entitlements and the vitality of nonprofits, has rejoined the Urban Institute as an Institute fellow and the Richard B. Fisher]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901295&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Rising Senior Unemployment and the Need to Work at Older Ages]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Unemployment rates for older workers reached record levels in 2009, partly because fewer workers eligible for early retirement benefits are dropping out of the labor force. Growing concerns about the adequacy of retirement savings and whether retirees will have enough money to live comfortably in later life appear to have discouraged early retirement. Instead, more older workers are now remaining in the labor force and searching for work after they lose their jobs. The need for older adults to keep working raises the imperative for new policies that help address the special challenges that older job seekers face.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411964&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411964_senior_unemployment.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="154439" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Is the Financial Crisis Affecting Retirement Savings? : August 2009, Update]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The stock market lost 56 percent of its value between September 30, 2007, and March 9, 2009. These
losses reduced the retirement savings of American households. Recently, however, a good portion of
these losses has been reversed. Equities gained 53 percent between March 9, 2009 and August 31, 2009.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901283&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Mauricio Soto )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 09 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901283_retirement_savings_update.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="56041" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Are Health Care Costs a Burden for Older Americans?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Although Medicare covers nearly all Americans age 65 and older, premiums, cost shares, and holes in the benefit package raise concerns about seniors' ability to pay for their health care. This brief, based on newly released data, shows that Medicare Part D, introduced in 2006 to cover prescription drugs, helped reduce out-of-pocket costs. The majority of older adults devoted less than one-eighth of their incomes to health care in 2006. However, nearly half of low-income seniors spent more than 20 percent of their 2006 incomes on health care. Medical costs for seniors should figure into the health-reform debate.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411924&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Corina Mommaerts )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411924_health_care_burden.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="111207" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[National Long-Term Care Insurance: How Much Would It Cost?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[About two-thirds of those over 65 will need some long-term care before they die. Howard Gleckman looks at a key question at the heart of the debate over long-term care insurance: how much will premiums cost?]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001290&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Howard Gleckman )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Revitalizing Social Security: Effectively Targeting Benefit Enhancements for Low Lifetime Earners and the Oldest Old]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[I argue that Social Security benefits for long-term, low-wage workers are modest and need to be increased. There are many ways to bolster benefits for low-income retirees, each with strengths and weaknesses, so technical details of each proposal will determine its effectiveness. Any Social Security reform package will include multiple provisions that interact with one another.  Certain provisions to help low-earners may be more or less desirable depending on a package's other components.  Finally, some low-income older and disabled Americans are beyond Social Security's reach. To help them, Congress should consider expanding the Supplemental Security Income program.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901268&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Melissa Favreault )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901268_revitalizingsocialsecurity.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="98745" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Will the Stock Market Collapse Affect Retirement Incomes? : Older Americans' Economic Security No. 20]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Urban Institute projections suggest the stock market collapse will have small effects on most Americans' retirement incomes. It's estimated that 37 percent of Americans born between 1941 and 1965 owned no stocks when the market crashed in 2008 and that income from assets will account for a small share of retirement income, even for those with stocks. For most retirees, Social Security provides the majority of income. Had Social Security been invested in private accounts with equities, the impact of the crash would have been much largerpositive or negative, depending on one's birth cohort and on future market performance.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411914&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Karen E. Smith, Eric Toder )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411914_retirement_incomes.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="61117" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[What about long-term care?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[More than 250 million Americans-more than 80 percent of us- have health coverage, usually through employers or Medicare,Howard Gleckman points out in a USA Today commentary. By contrast, just 7 million have long-term care insurance. That, it seems, is the real crisis of the uninsured.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001273&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Howard Gleckman )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Older Workers on the Move: Recareering in Later Life]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Career change is common at older ages. This report shows that 27 percent of workers employed full time at age 51 to 55 change occupations by age 65 to 69. More than one-third of older job leavers separate because of job layoffs or health problems, including nearly half of those who did not complete high school. Workers who change careers typically move into jobs that pay less than their previous jobs and are less likely to offer pension and health benefits. However, new careers tend to offer more flexible employment arrangements, less stressful working conditions, and fewer managerial responsibilities.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001272&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Janette Kawachi, Eric Lewis )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001272_olderworksonthmove.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="383289" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Is the Financial Crisis Affecting Retirement Savings? : May 2009, Update]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The stock market gained 35 percent between March 9, 2009 and May 5, 2009. For those who held on to their equities, these gains reversed some of the massive losses experienced since September 2007. This fact sheet examines the impact of the ongoing economic turmoil on older households and presents estimates of the retirement account losses to date.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411880&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Mauricio Soto )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411880_retirement_savings.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="55186" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[What the 2008 Stock Market Crash Means for Retirement Security]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The one-third drop in the S&P 500 index between year-end 2007 and 2008 raises concerns about
retirement security since Americans now hold more equities through their retirement plans.
Those near retirement will fare the worst because they have no time to recoup their losses. Midcareer
workers will fare better because they have more time to rebuild their wealth. They may
even gain income if they buy stocks at low prices and get above-average rates of return. High-income
groups will be the most affected because they are most likely to have financial assets and
to be invested in the stock market.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411876&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Karen E. Smith, Eric Toder )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411876_2008stockmarketcrash.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="353177" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Securing Social Security: Lessons for the Next Debate]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This commentary suggests ways of making the upcoming debate on Social Security reform more productive than some past efforts. Participants must be open to a range of solutions, financing must be transparent, and effects on disabled workers must be addressed.  Reform efforts must acknowledge the changing economic environment, including increasing wage inequality, and shifting individual and family demographics. Guaranteed inflation-protected benefits are crucial, and the sacrifices necessary to balance the system should be shared across generations.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901251&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Melissa Favreault )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901251_securingsocialsec.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="23516" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Rising Tides and Retirement: The Aggregate and Distributional Effects of Differential Wage Growth on Social Security]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Recent growth in wage inequality has important implications for Social Security solvency and benefit distributions. Because only earnings below the taxable maximum are subject to payroll taxes, concentrated wage growth among higher earners generates less revenue than more evenly distributed growth.  Social Security's progressive benefit formula increases benefit payouts when shares of workers with low wages grow. We use a dynamic microsimulation model to examine aggregate and distributional consequences of alternative scenarios about future wage growth.  We find that relatively modest changes in assumptions about wage differentials generate marked changes in projected Social Security benefits, poverty, and long-term financing status.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411872&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Melissa Favreault )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411872_risingtidesandretirement.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="189856" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Impact of Changing Earnings Volatility on Retirement Wealth]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Over the past several decades, the volatility of family income has increased markedly, and own earnings volatility has remained relatively flat. Volatility may affect retirement wealth, depending on whether volatility affects accrued pension contributions or withdrawals or earnings credited toward future Social Security benefits. This project assesses the effect of the volatility of individual and family earnings on asset accumulation and projected retirement wealth using survey data matched to administrative earnings records.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411873&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Austin Nichols, Melissa Favreault )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411873_impactofchangingearnings.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="454126" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Health Reform in the 21st Century: Reforming the Health Care Delivery System : Before the United States House Committee on Ways and Means]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Medicare and other insurers generally ignore the importance of established chronic illnesses in generating demands on the health care system and escalating costs, Institute Fellow Robert Berenson told the House Ways and Means Committee. At the same time, delivery system reforms are likely to fail unless immediate steps are taken to address the likely collapse of the primary care physician workforce in many parts of the country. He also underscored the need for a public plan -- patterned on Medicare but separate from it -- as an option for those seeking care.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901244&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Robert A. Berenson )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901244_testimony_healthreform.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="60039" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Do Health Problems Reduce Consumption at Older Ages?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[High out-of-pocket health care costs may have serious repercussions for older people and their families. This paper examines the impact of health problems at older ages on out-of-pocket health care spending and other types of expenditures. The results show that medical conditions increase health spending, particularly for households ages 51 to 64, but do not generally reduce nonhealth spending. Health conditions do, however, reduce nonhealth spending for low-income households ages 51 to 64, suggesting that holes in the health safety net before the Medicare eligibility age force some low-income people to lower their living standards to cover medical expenses.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411858&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Richard W. Johnson, Gordon Mermin )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411858_reduce_consumption.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="361214" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[A New Minimum Benefit for Low Lifetime Earners]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Despite working hard and playing by the rules over long periods, many workers end up poor in retirement. We propose an enhanced minimum benefit for Social Security that targets long-career workers with low lifetime earnings along with a modest credit that compensates workers for up to three years out of the labor market due to caregiving, unemployment, or poor health. By combining these elements, the proposal provides work incentives, yet recognizes realities facing low-wage workers, many of whom have had intermittent work careers.  We show that these proposed enhancements would allow more adults to retire with a secure financial foothold.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411853&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Melissa Favreault )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 24 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411853_anewminimumbenefit.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="157317" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Financial Hardship before and after Social Security's Eligibility Age]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Although poverty rates for Americans age 65 and older have plunged over the past half century, many people continue to fall into poverty as they approach 62, Social Security's early eligibility age. Among those who did not complete high school, hardship rates increase from 23 percent at age 52 to 54 to 31 percent at age 60 to 61, a relative increase of 36 percent. Hardship rates decline after age 62, when most people qualify for Social Security. These findings highlight the fragility of the income support system for Americans in their fifties and early sixties.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411854&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Gordon Mermin )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 24 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411854financialhardshipbeforeandafterss.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="190062" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Comparisons of MINT 2003 and 2004 Projections with Survey Data]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This report compares projections of income and assets from the Model of Income in the Near Term (MINT) with data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), and the Current Population Survey (CPS).  The comparison reveals a fair amount of variability in population characteristics and reported income and assets among these data files. There is no "right" answer, but rather a range of possible answers. For most statistics we compare, MINT's projected values fall between the highest and lowest values among the survey data.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411850&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Karen E. Smith, Katherine  Michelmore, Eric Toder )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 19 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411850_comparisonsofmint.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="1325546" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Is the Financial Crisis Affecting Retirement Savings?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The stock market lost 56 percent of its value between September 30, 2007 and March 6, 2009, a roughly $13 trillion drop. The loss has reduced the retirement savings of many Americans, particularly older adults. This fact sheet examines the impact of the ongoing economic turmoil on older households and presents estimates of the retirement account losses to date.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411847&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Mauricio Soto )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411847_update-3-09-2009-pr.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="60116" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Unemployment Rate Hits All-Time High for Adults Age 65 and Older]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The unemployment rate for adults age 65 and older reached 6.8 percent in February 2009, the highest level recorded since the federal government began computing reliable unemployment rates in 1948. Senior unemployment rates were particularly high among African Americans, Hispanics, those who did not complete high school, and those in the construction, manufacturing, and leisure and hospitality industries.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411846&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Corina Mommaerts )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411846_recessionandolderworkersfactsheetmarch2009.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="44036" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Promoting Economic Security at Older Ages through Workforce Development : Written Testimony to the Senate Special Committee on Aging U.S. Congress]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The 2008-2009 collapse in the stock market wiped out trillions of dollars in retirement account wealth and forced millions of boomers to rethink their retirement plans. Working longer is commonly seen as the key solution to the retirement financing dilemma. However, poor job prospects prevent many older people with limited education from working into later life. This testimony for the Senate Special Committee on Aging argues that Congress could improve the economic security of these older adults in retirement and in the years leading up to retirement by increasing government-funded employment and training services.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901239&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 27 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901239_Johnson_workforce_development.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="41210" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[It's Not Easy Being Gray: The New Rules of Retirement]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Older Americans face an uncertain retirement future. Policies are urgently needed to shore up Social Security and Medicare, get health care spending under control, and make staying in the labor force at older ages easier, while still protecting disabled workers. This policy brief summarizes a wide-ranging discussion of retirement issues to explore how public policies might adapt to an aging population.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411840&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411840_rules_of_retirement.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="233639" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Economic Recovery Package Will Help Poor Older Adults, but More Could Be Done]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Older adults often are left out of policy conversations on poverty because many believe that relatively few of them experience economic hardship. Yet an updated measure of poverty indicates that the rate for adults ages 65 and older matches the rate for children. The Economic Recovery package under consideration includes some provisions that would benefit older adults, but more could be done. One-time payments for those receiving welfare and increases in food assistance benefits especially would help some poor older adults. Investments in the job skills of those who want to work should also be considered.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901221&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Sheila R. Zedlewski )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901221_economic_recovery_package.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="43945" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Unemployment Rate Soars for Older Men with Limited Education]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[As the recession enters its 15th month, job losses continue to accelerate. The downturn has not spared older workers. The January 2009 unemployment rate reached 6.0 percent at age 55 to 64 and 5.7 percent at age 65 and older. Hispanic men, older men working in construction and manufacturing, and those with limited education have been hit hardest.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901223&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Corina Mommaerts )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901223_unemployment_rates.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="49421" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Federal Taxes and the Elderly]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The article considers special federal tax provisions affecting the elderly.  It examines the taxation of Social Security, private retirement accounts, estate taxation and other provisions of the law that mention age.  It also analyzes how the elderly might be affected by tax increases necessitated by the dismal long-run budget outlook.  In particular, it looks at the possibility that we shall become more reliant on consumption taxes.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001246&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Rudolph G. Penner )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 03 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001246_federaltaxes.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="307853" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Disappearing Defined Benefit Pension and Its Potential Impact on the Retirement Incomes of Boomers]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Over the last three decades there has been a steady shift from DB to DC pensions. The Pension Protection Act of 2006 may accelerate this trend. This paper examines the impact of an accelerated freeze on the retirement income of boomers. Simulations suggest that such a scenario would produce more losers than winners and reduce average retirement incomes. Income changes will be substantial among high-income workers, who have the highest DB coverage and pension incomes. Late boomers will experience the largest impacts, as they lose their high DB accrual years and have inadequate time to accumulate DC wealth before retirement.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411831&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Howard Iams, Karen E. Smith, Eric Toder )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Senior Unemployment Rate Hits 31-Year High]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Unlike most previous recessions, the current economic slowdown has substantially increased the unemployment rate for older Americans. In December 2008, 5.1 percent of workers age 65 and older were unemployed, a higher share than at any time since March 1977. This factsheet provides the latest information on the employment situation of older Americans.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901210&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901210_senior_unemployment_rates.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="55160" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Is the Recession Affecting Older Workers?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[With nearly 300,000 Americans age 65 and older out of work, the recession is hitting older workers hard. Old-age unemployment rates are increasing more rapidly than in most previous downturns. This fact sheet provides the latest numbers on the employment situation for older Americans.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411804&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 17 Dec 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411804_recession_affects.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="54426" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Diversity in Retirement Wealth Accumulation]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Americans save for retirement by building wealth in personal accounts, home equity, pension plans, retirement accounts and Social Security. We use data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) and methods to estimate the wealth values of Social Security and pension plans to show how wealth builds over the life cycle. We find that the typical household accrues wealth throughout the life cycle. Households in the bottom income quintile, those that did not complete high school and minorities accumulate much less wealth than their counterparts, and Social Security accounts for a large share of their preretirement wealth.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411805&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gordon Mermin, Desmond Toohey, Sheila R. Zedlewski )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 17 Dec 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411805_retirement_wealth_accumulation.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml" type="application/pdf" length="191463" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Older Workers and the Recession]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[For older workers, this recession is unprecedented. Retirement expert Richard Johnson explains why and what should be done to cushion its impact on seniors who want to work.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901205&amp;RSSFeed=UI_RetirementandOlderAmericans.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 10 Dec 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>

</channel>
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