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    <title>Urban Institute: Retirees/Seniors</title>
    <link>http://www.urban.org/retirees/index.cfm</link>
    <description>Urban Institute reports on: Retirees/Seniors - The Urban Institute is a nonprofit nonpartisan policy research and educational organization established to examine the social, economic, and governance problems facing the nation.</description>
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    <copyright>Copyright 2009 Urban Institute</copyright>
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	    <link>http://www.urban.org</link>
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    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Are Health Care Costs a Burden for Older Americans?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Although Medicare covers nearly all Americans age 65 and older, premiums, cost shares, and holes in the benefit package raise concerns about seniors' ability to pay for their health care. This brief, based on newly released data, shows that Medicare Part D, introduced in 2006 to cover prescription drugs, helped reduce out-of-pocket costs. The majority of older adults devoted less than one-eighth of their incomes to health care in 2006. However, nearly half of low-income seniors spent more than 20 percent of their 2006 incomes on health care. Medical costs for seniors should figure into the health-reform debate.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411924&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Corina Mommaerts )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[National Long-Term Care Insurance: How Much Would It Cost?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[About two-thirds of those over 65 will need some long-term care before they die. Howard Gleckman looks at a key question at the heart of the debate over long-term care insurance: how much will premiums cost?]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001290&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Howard Gleckman )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Revitalizing Social Security: Effectively Targeting Benefit Enhancements for Low Lifetime Earners and the Oldest Old]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[I argue that Social Security benefits for long-term, low-wage workers are modest and need to be increased. There are many ways to bolster benefits for low-income retirees, each with strengths and weaknesses, so technical details of each proposal will determine its effectiveness. Any Social Security reform package will include multiple provisions that interact with one another.  Certain provisions to help low-earners may be more or less desirable depending on a package's other components.  Finally, some low-income older and disabled Americans are beyond Social Security's reach. To help them, Congress should consider expanding the Supplemental Security Income program.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901268&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Melissa Favreault )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901268_revitalizingsocialsecurity.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="98745" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Will the Stock Market Collapse Affect Retirement Incomes? : Older Americans' Economic Security No. 20]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Urban Institute projections suggest the stock market collapse will have small effects on most Americans' retirement incomes. It's estimated that 37 percent of Americans born between 1941 and 1965 owned no stocks when the market crashed in 2008 and that income from assets will account for a small share of retirement income, even for those with stocks. For most retirees, Social Security provides the majority of income. Had Social Security been invested in private accounts with equities, the impact of the crash would have been much largerpositive or negative, depending on one's birth cohort and on future market performance.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411914&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Karen E. Smith, Eric Toder )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Unemployment Statistics on Older Americans]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The recession has increased joblessness among older Americans. These graphs and tables report unemployment rates and how they have varied by age, sex, race, and education since 2007.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411904&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Corina Mommaerts )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411904_unemploymentstatistics.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="44866" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[What about long-term care?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[More than 250 million Americans-more than 80 percent of us- have health coverage, usually through employers or Medicare,Howard Gleckman points out in a USA Today commentary. By contrast, just 7 million have long-term care insurance. That, it seems, is the real crisis of the uninsured.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001273&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Howard Gleckman )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Older Workers on the Move: Recareering in Later Life]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Career change is common at older ages. This report shows that 27 percent of workers employed full time at age 51 to 55 change occupations by age 65 to 69. More than one-third of older job leavers separate because of job layoffs or health problems, including nearly half of those who did not complete high school. Workers who change careers typically move into jobs that pay less than their previous jobs and are less likely to offer pension and health benefits. However, new careers tend to offer more flexible employment arrangements, less stressful working conditions, and fewer managerial responsibilities.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001272&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Janette Kawachi, Eric Lewis )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001272_olderworksonthmove.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="383289" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Is the Financial Crisis Affecting Retirement Savings? : May 2009, Update]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The stock market gained 35 percent between March 9, 2009 and May 5, 2009. For those who held on to their equities, these gains reversed some of the massive losses experienced since September 2007. This fact sheet examines the impact of the ongoing economic turmoil on older households and presents estimates of the retirement account losses to date.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411880&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Mauricio Soto )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411880_retirement_savings.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="55186" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[What the 2008 Stock Market Crash Means for Retirement Security]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The one-third drop in the S&P 500 index between year-end 2007 and 2008 raises concerns about
retirement security since Americans now hold more equities through their retirement plans.
Those near retirement will fare the worst because they have no time to recoup their losses. Midcareer
workers will fare better because they have more time to rebuild their wealth. They may
even gain income if they buy stocks at low prices and get above-average rates of return. High-income
groups will be the most affected because they are most likely to have financial assets and
to be invested in the stock market.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411876&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Karen E. Smith, Eric Toder )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411876_2008stockmarketcrash.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="353177" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Securing Social Security: Lessons for the Next Debate]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This commentary suggests ways of making the upcoming debate on Social Security reform more productive than some past efforts. Participants must be open to a range of solutions, financing must be transparent, and effects on disabled workers must be addressed.  Reform efforts must acknowledge the changing economic environment, including increasing wage inequality, and shifting individual and family demographics. Guaranteed inflation-protected benefits are crucial, and the sacrifices necessary to balance the system should be shared across generations.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901251&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Melissa Favreault )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901251_securingsocialsec.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="23516" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Rising Tides and Retirement: The Aggregate and Distributional Effects of Differential Wage Growth on Social Security]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Recent growth in wage inequality has important implications for Social Security solvency and benefit distributions. Because only earnings below the taxable maximum are subject to payroll taxes, concentrated wage growth among higher earners generates less revenue than more evenly distributed growth.  Social Security's progressive benefit formula increases benefit payouts when shares of workers with low wages grow. We use a dynamic microsimulation model to examine aggregate and distributional consequences of alternative scenarios about future wage growth.  We find that relatively modest changes in assumptions about wage differentials generate marked changes in projected Social Security benefits, poverty, and long-term financing status.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411872&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Melissa Favreault )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411872_risingtidesandretirement.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="189856" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Impact of Changing Earnings Volatility on Retirement Wealth]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Over the past several decades, the volatility of family income has increased markedly, and own earnings volatility has remained relatively flat. Volatility may affect retirement wealth, depending on whether volatility affects accrued pension contributions or withdrawals or earnings credited toward future Social Security benefits. This project assesses the effect of the volatility of individual and family earnings on asset accumulation and projected retirement wealth using survey data matched to administrative earnings records.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411873&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Austin Nichols, Melissa Favreault )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411873_impactofchangingearnings.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="454126" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Health Reform in the 21st Century: Reforming the Health Care Delivery System : Before the United States House Committee on Ways and Means]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Medicare and other insurers generally ignore the importance of established chronic illnesses in generating demands on the health care system and escalating costs, Institute Fellow Robert Berenson told the House Ways and Means Committee. At the same time, delivery system reforms are likely to fail unless immediate steps are taken to address the likely collapse of the primary care physician workforce in many parts of the country. He also underscored the need for a public plan -- patterned on Medicare but separate from it -- as an option for those seeking care.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901244&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Robert A. Berenson )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901244_testimony_healthreform.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="60039" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Do Health Problems Reduce Consumption at Older Ages?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[High out-of-pocket health care costs may have serious repercussions for older people and their families. This paper examines the impact of health problems at older ages on out-of-pocket health care spending and other types of expenditures. The results show that medical conditions increase health spending, particularly for households ages 51 to 64, but do not generally reduce nonhealth spending. Health conditions do, however, reduce nonhealth spending for low-income households ages 51 to 64, suggesting that holes in the health safety net before the Medicare eligibility age force some low-income people to lower their living standards to cover medical expenses.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411858&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Richard W. Johnson, Gordon Mermin )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411858_reduce_consumption.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="361214" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[A New Minimum Benefit for Low Lifetime Earners]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Despite working hard and playing by the rules over long periods, many workers end up poor in retirement. We propose an enhanced minimum benefit for Social Security that targets long-career workers with low lifetime earnings along with a modest credit that compensates workers for up to three years out of the labor market due to caregiving, unemployment, or poor health. By combining these elements, the proposal provides work incentives, yet recognizes realities facing low-wage workers, many of whom have had intermittent work careers.  We show that these proposed enhancements would allow more adults to retire with a secure financial foothold.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411853&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Melissa Favreault )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 24 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411853_anewminimumbenefit.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="157317" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Financial Hardship before and after Social Security's Eligibility Age]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Although poverty rates for Americans age 65 and older have plunged over the past half century, many people continue to fall into poverty as they approach 62, Social Security's early eligibility age. Among those who did not complete high school, hardship rates increase from 23 percent at age 52 to 54 to 31 percent at age 60 to 61, a relative increase of 36 percent. Hardship rates decline after age 62, when most people qualify for Social Security. These findings highlight the fragility of the income support system for Americans in their fifties and early sixties.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411854&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Gordon Mermin )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 24 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411854financialhardshipbeforeandafterss.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="190062" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Comparisons of MINT 2003 and 2004 Projections with Survey Data]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This report compares projections of income and assets from the Model of Income in the Near Term (MINT) with data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), and the Current Population Survey (CPS).  The comparison reveals a fair amount of variability in population characteristics and reported income and assets among these data files. There is no "right" answer, but rather a range of possible answers. For most statistics we compare, MINT's projected values fall between the highest and lowest values among the survey data.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411850&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Karen E. Smith, Katherine  Michelmore, Eric Toder )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 19 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411850_comparisonsofmint.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="1325546" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Is the Financial Crisis Affecting Retirement Savings?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The stock market lost 56 percent of its value between September 30, 2007 and March 6, 2009, a roughly $13 trillion drop. The loss has reduced the retirement savings of many Americans, particularly older adults. This fact sheet examines the impact of the ongoing economic turmoil on older households and presents estimates of the retirement account losses to date.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411847&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Mauricio Soto )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411847_update-3-09-2009-pr.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="60116" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Unemployment Rate Hits All-Time High for Adults Age 65 and Older]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The unemployment rate for adults age 65 and older reached 6.8 percent in February 2009, the highest level recorded since the federal government began computing reliable unemployment rates in 1948. Senior unemployment rates were particularly high among African Americans, Hispanics, those who did not complete high school, and those in the construction, manufacturing, and leisure and hospitality industries.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411846&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Corina Mommaerts )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411846_recessionandolderworkersfactsheetmarch2009.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="44036" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Promoting Economic Security at Older Ages through Workforce Development : Written Testimony to the Senate Special Committee on Aging U.S. Congress]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The 2008-2009 collapse in the stock market wiped out trillions of dollars in retirement account wealth and forced millions of boomers to rethink their retirement plans. Working longer is commonly seen as the key solution to the retirement financing dilemma. However, poor job prospects prevent many older people with limited education from working into later life. This testimony for the Senate Special Committee on Aging argues that Congress could improve the economic security of these older adults in retirement and in the years leading up to retirement by increasing government-funded employment and training services.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901239&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 27 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901239_Johnson_workforce_development.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="41210" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[It's Not Easy Being Gray: The New Rules of Retirement]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Older Americans face an uncertain retirement future. Policies are urgently needed to shore up Social Security and Medicare, get health care spending under control, and make staying in the labor force at older ages easier, while still protecting disabled workers. This policy brief summarizes a wide-ranging discussion of retirement issues to explore how public policies might adapt to an aging population.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411840&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411840_rules_of_retirement.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="233639" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Economic Recovery Package Will Help Poor Older Adults, but More Could Be Done]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Older adults often are left out of policy conversations on poverty because many believe that relatively few of them experience economic hardship. Yet an updated measure of poverty indicates that the rate for adults ages 65 and older matches the rate for children. The Economic Recovery package under consideration includes some provisions that would benefit older adults, but more could be done. One-time payments for those receiving welfare and increases in food assistance benefits especially would help some poor older adults. Investments in the job skills of those who want to work should also be considered.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901221&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Sheila R. Zedlewski )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901221_economic_recovery_package.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="43945" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Unemployment Rate Soars for Older Men with Limited Education]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[As the recession enters its 15th month, job losses continue to accelerate. The downturn has not spared older workers. The January 2009 unemployment rate reached 6.0 percent at age 55 to 64 and 5.7 percent at age 65 and older. Hispanic men, older men working in construction and manufacturing, and those with limited education have been hit hardest.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901223&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Corina Mommaerts )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901223_unemployment_rates.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="49421" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Federal Taxes and the Elderly]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The article considers special federal tax provisions affecting the elderly.  It examines the taxation of Social Security, private retirement accounts, estate taxation and other provisions of the law that mention age.  It also analyzes how the elderly might be affected by tax increases necessitated by the dismal long-run budget outlook.  In particular, it looks at the possibility that we shall become more reliant on consumption taxes.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001246&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Rudolph G. Penner )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 03 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001246_federaltaxes.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="307853" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Disappearing Defined Benefit Pension and Its Potential Impact on the Retirement Incomes of Boomers]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Over the last three decades there has been a steady shift from DB to DC pensions. The Pension Protection Act of 2006 may accelerate this trend. This paper examines the impact of an accelerated freeze on the retirement income of boomers. Simulations suggest that such a scenario would produce more losers than winners and reduce average retirement incomes. Income changes will be substantial among high-income workers, who have the highest DB coverage and pension incomes. Late boomers will experience the largest impacts, as they lose their high DB accrual years and have inadequate time to accumulate DC wealth before retirement.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411831&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Howard Iams, Karen E. Smith, Eric Toder )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411831_disappearingbenefit.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="441249" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Senior Unemployment Rate Hits 31-Year High]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Unlike most previous recessions, the current economic slowdown has substantially increased the unemployment rate for older Americans. In December 2008, 5.1 percent of workers age 65 and older were unemployed, a higher share than at any time since March 1977. This factsheet provides the latest information on the employment situation of older Americans.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901210&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901210_senior_unemployment_rates.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="55160" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Is the Recession Affecting Older Workers?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[With nearly 300,000 Americans age 65 and older out of work, the recession is hitting older workers hard. Old-age unemployment rates are increasing more rapidly than in most previous downturns. This fact sheet provides the latest numbers on the employment situation for older Americans.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411804&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 17 Dec 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411804_recession_affects.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="54426" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Diversity in Retirement Wealth Accumulation]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Americans save for retirement by building wealth in personal accounts, home equity, pension plans, retirement accounts and Social Security. We use data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) and methods to estimate the wealth values of Social Security and pension plans to show how wealth builds over the life cycle. We find that the typical household accrues wealth throughout the life cycle. Households in the bottom income quintile, those that did not complete high school and minorities accumulate much less wealth than their counterparts, and Social Security accounts for a large share of their preretirement wealth.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411805&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gordon Mermin, Desmond Toohey, Sheila R. Zedlewski )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 17 Dec 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411805_retirement_wealth_accumulation.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="191463" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Older Workers and the Recession]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[For older workers, this recession is unprecedented. Retirement expert Richard Johnson explains why and what should be done to cushion its impact on seniors who want to work.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901205&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 10 Dec 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Is the Financial Crisis Affecting Retirement Savings?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The stock market lost 47 percent of its value between September 30, 2007 and December 2, 2008, a roughly $11 trillion drop. The loss has reduced the retirement savings of many Americans, particularly older adults. This fact sheet examines the impact of the ongoing economic turmoil on older households and presents estimates of the retirement account losses to date.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901206&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Mauricio Soto )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 10 Dec 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901206_retirement_savings.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="60087" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Are Baby Boomers Saving Enough for Their Retirement?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper estimates the ratio of post- to pre-retirement consumption to explore how well boomers are prepared for retirement. I show that some of the poorest households are best prepared because they can maintain consumption by relying almost solely on Social Security while many of the most affluent households are poorly prepared because they will experience a decline in consumption upon retiring. Nonetheless, affluent households will be able to maintain a consumption level many times that of poor households. The paper discusses whether equalization of pre- and post-retirement consumption provides a useful adequacy yardstick at all income levels.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411794&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Rudolph G. Penner )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 20 Nov 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411794_baby_boomers_saving.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="316170" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Scholars Delve Into How Money, Family Structure, and Culture Influence Care of the Elderly]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Intergenerational Caregiving, a new book from the Urban Institute Press, reveals how social, cultural, demographic, and financial circumstances shape care and support arrangements for Americans as they age, as well as for family members of all ages facing disability and special needs.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901196&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 12 Nov 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Do Disabilities Affect Future Retirement Benefits?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[One-quarter of workers ages 51 to 55 develop work disabilities before age 62. Disabilities often force people to curtail their work hours, derailing retirement preparations. However, protections built into Social Security, including disability and spouse benefits and the system's tilt toward workers with low lifetime earnings, cushion the impact of midlife health problems. After other factors are controlled for, the onset of health-related work limitations between ages 51 and 61 reduces Social Security retirement benefits at ages 63 to 67 by only about 2 percent, much less than the impact on other retirement savings.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411780&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Gordon Mermin )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 23 Oct 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411780_disabilities_affects.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="57901" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Is the Economic Turmoil Affecting Older Americans?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The slumping stock market, falling housing prices, and weakening economy have serious repercussions for older Americans who are approaching retirement or already retired. Seniors have little time to recoup the values of their homes, 401(k) plans, and individual retirement accounts-all important parts of their retirement nest eggs. More and more older adults are working to bolster their retirement incomes, but the rising unemployment rate limits their prospects. This fact sheet examines the impact of the ongoing economic turmoil on retirement savings, home values, and retirement decisions.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411765&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Mauricio Soto, Sheila R. Zedlewski )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 07 Oct 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411765_economic_turmoil.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="67251" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[How Much Could Reverse Mortgages Contribute to Retirement Incomes?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Retirees who want to stay in their homes can tap into home equity through a reverse annuity mortgage that pays them a tax-free monthly payment. We show that conversion of home equity into a reliable income stream could provide a significant boost in retirement income, particularly for low-income homeowners with significant equity. The cost of initiating a RAM, however, and many older adults' concerns about borrowing against this asset have limited interest in RAMs. Recent turmoil in the mortgage market and declines in home prices raise additional uncertainties about the potential for using home equity to boost retirement incomes.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411763&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Sheila R. Zedlewski, Brendan Cushing-Daniels, Eric Lewis )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 06 Oct 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411763_reverse_mortgages.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="84098" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Sunday Forum: The Debt Bomb]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette op-ed, September 28, 2008. The current financial crisis poses a severe threat to the economy, but it also creates a tremendous opportunity, writes Rudolph Penner in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. It gives politicians cover for undertaking painful actions to get the long-run deficit under control-actions that should have been taken long ago.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901194&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Rudolph G. Penner )</author>
        <pubDate>Sun, 28 Sep 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Are Low-Wage Workers Destined for Low Income at Retirement?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Low-wage workers find it difficult to save for retirement. Without savings, they will have to rely on Social Security and pensions. Yet these income sources are based on earnings, which means that low-wage workers will have lower Social Security and pension benefits than higher-wage workers. This brief assesses whether boomers with low earnings between ages 22 and 62 are destined for low income at age 67. We find that nearly two-thirds of this group will end up with low income at retirement, but more than one-third will manage to defy the odds and escape being among the lowest-income older Americans.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411756&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Eric Toder )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411756_low-wage_workers.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="44541" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Will Changing Job Demands Boost Older Workers' Prospects?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Employment is now less physically demanding and less likely to entail difficult working conditions than before, a trend that might spur employment at older ages. However, the shift to a knowledge-based economy has increased cognitive demands and placed a premium on mastering the latest technical skills. Between 1971 and 2006 the share of workers in cognitively demanding jobs (requiring such skills as reasoning, writing, and decisionmaking) increased from 25.7 to 34.8 percent. This development may curtail opportunities for older workers with limited education or those who lack recent training.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411757&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson, Gordon Mermin )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411757_older_workers.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="42414" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Distributional Analysis of Pension and Social Security Reforms : Alternative Approaches and a Report on an Expert Panel Meeting]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In April 2008, the Urban Institute convened an expert panel of researchers inside and outside of government agencies to discuss how best to perform distributional analyses of proposals to reform Social Security and private pensions. The panel discussed key technical issues, including how to measure the baseline income distribution and characterize current policies, how to address changes that alter the timing of taxes and benefits, and how to measure and report gains and losses from policy interventions. The group revealed diverse viewpoints, but we conclude that current methods used in recent UI research fall within the range of reasonable alternatives.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411753&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Eric Toder )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 16 Sep 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411753_social_security.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="125958" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Boomers at the Bottom: How Will Low Income Boomers Cope with Retirement]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This study uses the Urban Institute's DYNASIM model to project wealth and income at retirement for low-income boomers. The findings suggest that most with low lifetime earnings will also have low incomes at older ages unless they either continue working or move in with others who help support them financially. Saving more, working more consistently over their lifetime, and delaying retirement is projected to improve outcomes for low-earning boomers, but none of these actions will increase retirement living standards dramatically.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001217&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Eric Toder, Desmond Toohey )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 16 Sep 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001217_low-income_boomers.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="986892" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Storm Clouds Ahead for 401(k) Plans?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Designed to promote retirement saving, the Pension Protection Act of 2006 clarified auto-enrollment, auto-contribution, and auto-investment rules in employer 401(k) plans. Early evidence suggests that the legislation boosted these plan features and increased employee participation in 401(k) plans. It is too soon to gauge the act's ultimate success, however, because it hinges on the number of new participants that will eventually amass substantial account balances.  Adding to the uncertainty, the recent LaRue Supreme Court decision, which highlights the legal liability that employers face as plan fiduciaries, could undermine future retirement security by making some employers reluctant to sponsor plans.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411747&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Pamela Perun )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 12 Aug 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411747_401k.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="95640" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Will Employers Want Aging Boomers?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Boomers will probably want to work longer than earlier cohorts, but their continued work requires that employers hire and retain them. Employers value older workers for their maturity, experience and work ethic, but worry about out of date skills and high costs. Slower overall labor supply growth will increase demand for older workers and occupations with higher shares of older workers will increase modestly as a share of all jobs. Future jobs will require less physical demands and more cognitive and interpersonal skills, trends that favor educated older workers, but job opportunities for less educated older workers may remain limited.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411705&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gordon Mermin, Richard W. Johnson, Eric Toder )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411705_aging_boomers.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="419298" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Job Market for Aging Boomers Will Favor Brains Over Brawn]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The occupations that already employ above-average shares of workers age 55 and older rely on an educated workforce and are expected to grow at least 20 percent by 2016, double the 10 percent rate forecast for the national labor force. A new study examines how changes in the nature of work, different occupations, the characteristics of older workers, and overall labor force growth might affect future job prospects for older Americans.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901187&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Comment on &quot;Enabling Families to Weather Emergencies and Develop&quot;]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper is a response to New Safety Net Paper 7, "Enabling Families to Weather Emergencies and Develop: The Role of Assets," by Signe-Mary McKernan and Caroline Ratcliffe.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411736&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Edward N. Wolff )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411736_enabling_families_wolff.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="110566" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[States Will Find Their Own Solutions]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper is a response to New Safety Net Paper 6, "Weathering Job Loss: Unemployment Insurance" by Margaret Simms.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411732&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Larry Temple )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411732_job_loss_temple.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="89793" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[A Preliminary Analysis of the 2008 Presidential Candidates' Tax Plans (Summary)]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Tax and fiscal policy will loom large in the next president's domestic policy agenda. Nearly all of the tax cuts enacted since 2001 expire at the end of 2010 and the individual alternative minimum tax (AMT) threatens to ensnare tens of millions of Americans. While a permanent fix palatable to both political parties has proven elusive, both candidates have proposed major tax changes. This summary outlines our analysis of the 2008 presidential candidates' tax plans. The full length report is also available.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411702&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Tax Policy Center )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411702_CandidateTaxPlans_summary.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="50542" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Strains and Drains of Long-Term Care]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[As the nation grows older, it's time to find a better way to care for those who need help as they age. The financial, emotional, and physical costs of providing long-term care often overwhelm families. Unpaid family members supply most of it, struggling to balance these duties with work and other responsibilities. A year's stay in a nursing home averaged $78,000 in 2007, and public assistance is not generally available until residents have exhausted almost all of their financial resources. Policymakers should encourage Americans to prepare for their own long-term care needs or create a larger role for government financing]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001188&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Richard W. Johnson )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 09 Jun 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001188_long-term_care.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="50000" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Why Not a &quot;Super Simple&quot; Saving Plan for the United States?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Despite decades of significant tax subsidies for pensions and retirement accounts, most Americans retire with little or no pension saving. This paper suggests that it is possible to create a "Super Simple" saving plan that would provide a basic, low-cost, easily administrable plan with the potential to increase significantly the retirement assets available to moderate- and middle-income individuals. This plan follows the lead of a new system about to be implemented in the United Kingdom, which features automatic contribution for employees who do not opt out, a significant government match, and simplification of existing rules amongst other elements.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411676&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Pamela Perun, C. Eugene Steuerle )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 23 May 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411676_simple_saving.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="811793" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[More Older Americans are Poor than the Official Measure Suggests]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The Census Bureaus official poverty measure no longer reflects the true resources or needs of adults age 65 and older. Recent consumption data show that older adults generally require more to cover their basic needs and economic data show that older adults have more resources than are reflected in the official poverty measure.  This paper shows the sensitivity of poverty rates for older adults to alternative measures of consumption needs and income resources. The alternative measures all show that number of older adults living in poverty is greater than the official measure indicates.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411670&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Sheila R. Zedlewski, Barbara Butrica )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411670_older_americans.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="45734" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Measuring Personal Saving: A Tale of American Profligacy]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Official measures suggest that personal saving has been declining for the past 20 years, and even became negative in 2005. Inadequate saving threatens retirement preparations and reduces investment, which helps boost worker productivity and ultimately wages and living standards. However, neither of the two prominent measures of the saving rate, one based on the National Income and Products Account and the other on the Flow of Funds, exactly conforms to what most people think of as saving. This brief explains the measures and describes how they differ.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411671&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Rudolph G. Penner )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 14 May 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411671_personal_savings.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Retirees/Seniors.xml" type="application/pdf" length="67996" />
		
    </item>

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