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    <title>Urban Institute: Family/Parents</title>
    <link>http://www.urban.org/family/index.cfm</link>
    <description>Urban Institute reports on: Family/Parents - The Urban Institute is a nonprofit nonpartisan policy research and educational organization established to examine the social, economic, and governance problems facing the nation.</description>
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    <copyright>Copyright 2009 Urban Institute</copyright>
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	    <link>http://www.urban.org</link>
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    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Impacts of Foreclosures on Families and Communities]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The foreclosure crisis is now having dramatic effects throughout America. In mid-2008, recognizing that this phenomenon was still quite new, the Open Society Institute asked the Urban Institute to scan available research to document what we know about: (1) the way foreclosures impact families; (2) how foreclosures affect communities; and (3) the efforts now underway, or being suggested, to address the crisis, focusing on actions at the local level. This report presents the results of this review. A final section offers the authors' recommendations on priorities for additional research to fill important gaps in the knowledge base.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411909&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  G. Thomas Kingsley, Robin E. Smith, David Price )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Impacts of Foreclosures on Families and Communities: A Primer]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The foreclosure crisis is now having dramatic effects throughout America. In mid-2008, recognizing that this phenomenon was still quite new, the Open Society Institute asked the Urban Institute to scan available research to document what we know about: (1) the way foreclosures impact families; (2) how foreclosures affect communities; and (3) the efforts now underway, or being suggested, to address the crisis, focusing on actions at the local level. This report summarizes a longer report presenting the results of this review.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411910&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  G. Thomas Kingsley, Robin E. Smith, David Price )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411911_male_prisoners_houston.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="281916" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Facts and Findings about Foreclosures, Families, and Communities]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA["The Impacts of Foreclosures on Families and Communities" details what is known about how foreclosures adversely affect households and their neighborhoods  from children and the elderly to public safety and local property tax revenues. It also looks at policies, programs, and response strategies to prevent or mitigate the fallout.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901264&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Stimulus and Poverty: A Role for Foundations in Seizing the Moment : How Foundations Can Help the Stimulus Reach Low-Income Families]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In this commentary for SpotlightOnPoverty.org, Institute Fellow Olivia Golden lays out five strategic investments foundations can make to sustain the economic stimulus package's positive outcomes for low-income families.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901260&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Olivia Golden )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Extending the EITC to Noncustodial Parents:  Potential Impacts and Design Considerations]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper examines the noncustodial parent earned income tax credit (NCP EITC), a new type of credit recently enacted in New York and Washington, D.C. and proposed by Senator Bayh and then-Senator Obama in 2007. The NCP EITC offers an earned income tax credit to low-income noncustodial parents who work and pay their full child support. This paper describes the rationale for this policy and provides national estimates of the benefits and costs of an NCP EITC under three alternative policy scenarios. It also discusses several key design and implementation issues.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411906&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Laura Wheaton, Elaine Sorensen )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411906_noncustodial_parents.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="153581" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Low-Income Working Families: Updated Facts and Figures]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[A large percentage of American families have low incomes, which lead to a host of challenges and disadvantages for both parents and children. In 2006, one out of every three families with children had incomes below twice the federal poverty level (FPL): $40,888 for a family with two adults and two children. While these families face many of the same challenges as other families, they are particularly financially vulnerable. This fact sheet provides statistics on the work effort, earnings, health care access and other characteristics of these families.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411900&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Alexandra Stanczyk )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411900_LIWF_fact_sheet.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="98770" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Risk and Recovery: Documenting the Changing Risks to Family Incomes]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Using the 1996, 2001, and 2004 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, this brief examines the likelihood that nonelderly individuals in families with children experience substantial drops in family income and recoveries from such drops. Over 13 percent of families see their incomes fall by half at some point over the course of a year with the lowest- and highest-income families the most likely to experience a substantial income loss. Further, only two in five individuals recover to at least 100 percent of their pre-drop income in the year after the drop.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411890&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gregory Acs, Pamela J. Loprest, Austin Nichols )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 22 May 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411890_risk_and_recovery.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="193664" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Five Questions For Mary Cunningham]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Mary Cunningham, author of "Preventing and Ending HomelessnessNext Steps," answers five questions about how to combat homelessness. Evidence-based approaches have cut homelessness among chronically homeless single adults and new strategies are now being adopted to help homeless families. Investing in proven strategies is crucial as the economic crisis puts more people at risk of ending up in shelters and threatens to reverse the progress communities have made toward ending and preventing homelessness.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901247&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Mary K. Cunningham )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Susan Popkin to Head the Urban Institute's New Program on Neighborhoods and Youth Development]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Susan Popkin, a senior fellow at the Urban Institute and an expert on public housing, has been named the director of the Institutes new Program on Neighborhoods and Youth Development.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901248&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Employers' Perspectives on San Francisco's Paid Sick Leave Policy]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This report summarizes strategies San Francisco employers used to implement the nation's first law requiring paid sick days for all employees, based on interviews with a sample of businesses. Although employers faced three new policies that affected staff wages and benefits, they were able to implement the paid sick leave requirement with minimal impacts to their business. The report details employer responses to the law in their operations, staffing, employee benefit packages, and reporting requirements. By assessing employers' perspectives on the operational challenges of the law, the study provides lessons to inform future research and policymaking.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411868&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Shelley Waters Boots, Karin Martinson, Anna Danziger )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411868_sanfranciso_sick_leave.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="112087" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Impact of Marital and Relationship Status on Social Outcomes for Returning Prisoners]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[While a large body of empirical research indicates that marriage is associated with criminal activity, to date little research exists on the effects of relationship status on a population of offenders returning to their communities. This study uses data on over 650 former prisoners to examine the impact of relationships on recidivism, substance use, and employment during this critical period of re-entry. Findings suggest that marriage cut the odds of recidivism and drug use in half when compared to those in casual relationships.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411871&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Christy Visher, Carly Knight, Aaron Chalfin, John Roman )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411871_returning_prisoners.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="178514" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Strengthening Families Through Stronger Fathers Initiative: Lessons from the First Year of the Evaluation]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In 2006, New York became the first state in the country to enact legislation that consists of two innovative policies that are designed to help low-income noncustodial parents (mostly fathers) find work and pay the full amount of their current child support called the Strengthening Families Through Stronger Fathers Initiative. This report describes this initiative and gives detailed information about the five pilot sites that are providing employment services to low-income noncustodial parents in the following New York communities: Buffalo, Jamestown, New York City and Syracuse. It is the first of several reports that will describe this initiative and its results over the next two years.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411870&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Elaine Sorensen, Carolyn T. O&apos;Brien, Ronald B. Mincy )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411870_strengtheningfamilies.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="643706" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Stimulus Package (HR1) and Low-Income Families]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This speech, given at the University of Chicago's School of Social Service Administration, discusses how the stimulus package addresses the policy needs of low-income working families. It focuses on three questions: how it might reduce poverty in the short term; how it might help position service providers for addressing poverty in the long term; and what researchers can do to inform future policies in this area. Efforts are compared to the following goals: increasing wages, promoting job stability and upward mobility, and providing income supports when needed.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411867&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Margaret Simms )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411867_low-income_families.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="43287" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Fresh Ideas On Work-Life Balance Explored in New Book]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Work-Life Policies, a new Urban Institute Press book, explains that even the most generous policy does little to accommodate workers' outside responsibilities if a job's structure or colleagues' attitudes undermine the policy. Work-Life Policies details the latest researchfrom sociologists, psychologists, lawyers, and management scholarsand underscores the importance of tailoring effective accommodations for all employees: male or female, parents or childless, salaried or hourly, near the end of one's career or new to the workforce.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901243&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Disability Onset Among Working Parents : Earnings Drops, Compensating Income Sources and Health Insurance Coverage]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper examines work-limiting disability using the 1996 and 2001 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Nearly 10 percent of employed parents developed or had a recurring disability over the course of the panel. For about a quarter of this group, earnings dropped by more than 25 percent of family income, with other income sources offsetting only a small fraction of lost earnings. In addition, workers who hold health insurance policies through their employer were less likely to reduce hours worked or leave their job following disability onset, effects consistent with job lock.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411855&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Cynthia Perry, Genevieve M. Kenney, Bogdan Tereshchenko )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411855_disabilityonsetamongworkingparents.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="128497" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Working for Cents on the Dollar : Race and Ethnic Wage Gaps in the Noncollege Labor Market]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper uses data from the 2007 Survey of Employers in the Low-Skill Labor Market to analyze whether wage differences among workers of different races and ethnicities in the low-skill labor market remain after controlling for individual, job, and employer characteristics. The employer-provided data include detailed information on job requirements and employer characteristics rarely available in household surveys. We find that black workers earn significantly less than white workers in the less-skilled labor market, and a significant difference (12 percent) remains even after controlling for worker, job, and employer characteristics.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411856&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gregory Acs, Pamela J. Loprest )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411856_workingforcentsonthedollar.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="88338" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Minnesota Integrated Services Project : Final Report on an Initiative to Improve Outcomes for Hard-to-Employ Welfare Recipients]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The Minnesota Integrated Services Projects focus on improving the delivery of employment, health, and social services to families who receive cash assistance and have serious or multiple barriers to employment. Operating in eight sites, the project seeks to provide comprehensive assessments of participants' barriers, improve access to more complete services that address multiple needs, and coordinate services provided by multiple service systems. This is the final report in an evaluation of the project and describes the changes in the economic outcomes and family-related outcomes of ISP participants over a two-year period, provides estimates of the relationship between ISP participation and participants' employment and MFIP outcomes, and provides conclusions and policy recommendations.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411852&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Karin Martinson, Caroline Ratcliffe, Katie  Vinopal, Joanna Parnes )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411852_minnesota_ISP.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="1285723" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Residential Segregation and Low-Income Working Families]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Historically, residential segregation constrained where minorities could live, contributing to disparities in education, employment, and wealth. Researchers interested in the well-being and future prospects of low-income working families have not yet explored how their residential patterns may vary across racial and ethnic lines or considered the implications of these patterns. Therefore, this paper explores differences in neighborhood characteristics among white, black, and Hispanic low-income working families. The findings suggest that policies aimed at reducing the persistent disadvantages facing minority low-income working families need to address the ways the neighborhoods in which minorities live may be compounding these disadvantages.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411845&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Margery Austin Turner, Karina Fortuny )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411845_residential_segregation_liwf.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="218544" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[A Safety Net For the Least Fortunate]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In this Washington Post commentary, Institute Fellow Harry Holzer suggests ways to help those most adversely affected by the economic downturnlow-income single mothers, disadvantaged adults, youths, and their families.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001249&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Peter Edelman, Mark Greenberg, Harry Holzer )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Examining Child Support Arrears in California: The Collectibility Study]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This report was prepared in response to a mandate from the California State Legislature to analyze how much of the $14.4 billion in child support arrears owed statewide in March 2000 was realistically collectible. Child support arrears had grown dramatically in California during the prior decade and state legislators were concerned about their collectibility. The Urban Institute estimated that $3.8 billion, or 26% of the $14.4 billion, would be collected over 10 years. The reason that so little arrears are likely to be collected is that most of the arrears are owed by individuals who owe more than $20,000 in arrears and have relatively low incomes.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411838&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Elaine Sorensen, Heather L. Koball, Kate Pomper, Chava Zibman )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411838_california_child_support.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="553263" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Preventing Child Support Arrears in Texas by Improving Front-end Processes]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In 2003, the Texas Office of Attorney General fundamentally altered the process of establishing child support orders, going from a highly judicial process of establishing orders to a process that establishes most orders administratively. It also substantially improved the issuance of income withholding orders. This report describes the implementation of these reforms and measures their impact. It finds that, after the reforms were implemented, the amount of time it takes to establish child support orders and income withholding orders on newly opened cases declined significantly and the amount of arrears assessed on newly established orders declined significantly, suggesting a highly successful initiative.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411829&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Elaine Sorensen, Tess Tannehill )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 28 Jan 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411829_child_support_arrears.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="434868" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Assessing Child Support Arrears in Nine Large States and the Nation]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In September 2007, child support arrears had reached $107 billion. The purpose of this report is to provide information about the individuals who owe child support arrears, estimate how much arrears are likely to be collected, and identify the factors that have led to their rapid growth. We find that most arrears are owed by noncustodial parents who have no or low reported incomes. We estimate that 40 percent of arrears in seven large states are likely to be collected over 10 years. The primary reason arrears have grown is because many states have begun to assess interest on arrears.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001242&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Elaine Sorensen, Liliana Sousa, Simone G. Schaner )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001242_child_support_arrears.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="747660" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Demographic Survey Results from Nine-State IV-D Programs]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In FY 2007, the national child support program served 17 million children and collected $25 billion in child support, yet little is known about the underlying demographic and economic characteristics of the individuals served. To remedy this lack of information, Courtland Consulting and the Urban Institute, under contract with the federal Office of Child Support Enforcement, surveyed nine state child support programs about their caseloads. We found that state child support programs are able to provide considerable amounts of information about their clients, but key characteristics proved difficult to obtain, such as the poverty status of the families served.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001243&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Elaine Sorensen, Tess Tannehill )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001243_IV-D_programs.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="1412099" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Providing Maternity Care to the Underserved : A Comparative Case Study of Three Maternity Care Models Serving Women in Washington, D.C.]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This comparative case study describes the organization, delivery, and content of care of three maternity care models serving low-income women at risk of poor birth outcomes in Wards 5, 6, and 7 in Washington D.C. The first model, a birth center, provides prenatal care, birth services, postpartum follow-up, and infant and child health care. The second is a safety net clinic, which provides a variety of primary health care services, as well as prenatal care services. A not-for-profit teaching and research hospital represents a third option in which prenatal and postnatal care is provided through an on-site obstetric clinic.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411818&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Louise Palmer, Allison Cook, Brigette Courtot )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411818_maternity_care.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="227843" />
		
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    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[A Quick Look at U.S. Households and Their Assets]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Boosting assets enables individuals and households to invest in life goals and to enhance long-term economic stability and social protections. This fact sheet, drawn from Asset Building and Low-Income Families, presents an array of key statistics.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901202&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 09 Dec 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Scholars Say Asset Building is Vital to Economic Well-Being of Low-Income Familes]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Fast-changing labor markets and growing economic inequality mean that low-income families need more than stop-gap income support in hard times, according to McKernan and Sherraden, coeditors of the volume. Their analysis finds that building wealthputting money in a bank account, saving in a retirement fund, owning a homeis vital for the economic security and advancement low-income families. Most government policies ignore this key goal, they point out, and some undermine it. McKernan, Sherraden, and other top experts size up the current data on assets, analyze the benefits of asset holding, and consider policy responsesmaking the book the first comprehensive review of asset policy.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901203&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 09 Dec 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Department of Health and Human Services: Improving Services for Children and Families]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This chapter was part of an online effort by the Center for American Progress Action Fund and New Democracy Project to offer expert advice to the new administration as part of its Change for America book project (http://www.americanprogressaction.org/issues/2008/changeforamerica/additionalcontributions.html). Washingtons new leadership, its authors say, should build on the Administration for Children and Families assets and focus on the interrelated goals of promoting family economic security and promoting healthy child and youth development. These twin goals can best be achieved through new strategic investments, capacity building and innovative partnerships, coordination across offices and departments, and collaboration with states and the private sector.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001233&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Olivia Golden, Joan Lombardi )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Dec 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001233_improving_services_for_children.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="323709" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Kids Having Kids Unravels the Complex Consequences of Teen Parenthood for Individuals and Society]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The second edition of Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy from the Urban Institute Press examines the context and impact of teen parenthood and finds no simple relationship between a persons early parenthood and her or her familys subsequent health, wealth, or education. Instead, the volumes 21 contributors find, many personal and economic factors combine to influence the life of a teen parent and her family.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901199&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[U.S. Intragenerational Economic Mobility From 1984 to 2004 : Trends and Implications]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This report explores how Americans have moved up and down the income ladder over the last two decades, and whether it has been more difficult for Americans to get and stay ahead in the last decade. The report focuses on intragenerational mobility: how individuals change economic positions within their own lifetimes.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001226&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gregory Acs, Seth Zimmerman )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001226_intragenerational_economic_mobility.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="497178" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Scholars Delve Into How Money, Family Structure, and Culture Influence Care of the Elderly]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Intergenerational Caregiving, a new book from the Urban Institute Press, reveals how social, cultural, demographic, and financial circumstances shape care and support arrangements for Americans as they age, as well as for family members of all ages facing disability and special needs.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901196&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 12 Nov 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Mapping Community Data on Children of Prisoners: Strategies and Insights]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Children of incarcerated parents are often an invisible population, but analyzing and mapping local-level data on these children and their parents can help policymakers and advocates better understand their experiences and needs. This brief discusses the mapping of community data on these families, drawing on the experiences and insights of partners in the Urban Institutes Reentry Mapping Network (RMN). The brief discusses the value of analyzing and mapping data on children of incarcerated parents, outlines potential data sources, and explores the process of working with and mapping data on this population.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411766&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Diana Brazzell, Nancy G. La Vigne )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411766_mapping_community.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="225529" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Impact of Rising Gas Prices on Below-Poverty Commuters]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[While the increase in gas prices has increased costs for all commuters, workers from households whose income is below the federal poverty level pay a larger proportion of their income for gas. This fact sheet uses data from the 2006 American Community Survey to quantify the relative burden of gas use for commuting.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411760&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Christopher Hayes )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 02 Oct 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411760_rising_gas_prices.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="47331" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Workforce Development and the Disadvantaged : New Directions for 2009 and Beyond]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The Workforce Investment Act (WIA) officially expired in 2003 but has not yet been reauthorized. With a new administration and Congress due in 2009, what should they consider regarding workforce development and the disadvantaged population? This brief reviews the arguments for a workforce development system, examining both the strengths and weaknesses of the current WIA program. Among the proposals are expanded funding, and planning grants which states could use to target industries and sectors with unmet demands for skilled workers. They would then identify potential "pathways" for different groups of disadvantaged workers to meet those demands.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411761&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Harry Holzer )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 02 Oct 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411761_workforce_development.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="144733" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Food Stamps, Federalism, and Working Families]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Food stamp benefits can provide an important supplement to the income of working families (families with children under 18 and earnings), who now make up nearly 40 percent of program participants. States can take advantage of Food Stamp Program policy options that increase eligibility and benefits. Seven policy options are particularly important for working families: more liberal vehicle rules, expanded categorical eligibility, transitional benefits for families leaving cash assistance, outreach, longer certification periods, reduced reporting requirements, and waivers of the required face-to-face interviews at recertification.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411752&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Kenneth Finegold )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 16 Sep 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411752_food_stamps.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="207659" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Q&amp;A: New Income and Poverty Statistics and the Social Safety Net]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The Census Bureau released its annual report on income, poverty, and health insurance coverage for the U.S. population on August 26, 2008. According to the report, median household income increased by 1.3 percent in 2007, while the overall poverty rate dipped slightly and the number and percentage of people without health insurance decreased. While the overall numbers were positive, not everyone shared in the economic gains. The number and percentage of children in poverty increased, and households in the lowest 40 percent of the income distribution had no significant income gains.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411897&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gregory Acs, Linda J. Blumberg, Harry Holzer, Pamela J. Loprest, Jennifer Ehrle Macomber, Karin Martinson, Signe-Mary McKernan, Cynthia Perry, Caroline Ratcliffe, Margaret Simms, Margery Austin Turner, Shelley Waters Boots )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[A New Safety Net for Low-Income Families]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[During the 1990s, the federal government promised low-income families that work would pay. Parents moved into jobs in response to new welfare rules requiring work, tax credits and other work supports that boosted take-home pay. Unfortunately, the record shows that low-income families have not progressed much. Many don't bring home enough to cover the everyday costs of living. This paper synthesizes the current status of low-income families along with the findings from a set of essays that address key shortcomings in the safety net. The paper summarizes ideas for policies that would make work pay in today's economy.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411738&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Sheila R. Zedlewski, Ajay Chaudry, Margaret Simms )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411738_new_safety_net.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="141519" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Enabling Families to Weather Emergencies and Develop : The Role of Assets]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Low-wage jobs can be unstable, leaving families struggling to cope with employment gaps and financial emergencies that can strike without warning. About four in five low-income families are "asset poor," lacking enough liquid savings to live for three months at the federal poverty level without earnings. In this essay, McKernan and Ratcliffe suggest a cluster of policies that would improve financial markets and savings opportunities for low-income families across the life cycle.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411734&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Signe-Mary McKernan, Caroline Ratcliffe )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411734_enabling_families.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="292126" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Supporting Work for Low-Income People with Significant Challenges]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Welfare programs require people to work, but some low-income adults struggle with major personal challenges that make it hard to find or hold down a job. In this essay, Loprest and Martinson recommend both short term changes to current programs and longer term efforts through a program for competitive federal matching block grants to states. These grants would support efforts to integrate programs that alleviate barriers to work with employment services and to evaluate these initiatives so policymakers can better understand what works.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411726&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Pamela J. Loprest, Karin Martinson )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411726_supporting_work.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="208078" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Weathering Job Loss : Unemployment Insurance]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Low-wage jobs are often characterized by uncertainty and unpredictable gaps in employment. A majority of workers in these jobs do not have access to the temporary income of unemployment insurance to tide them over when they suffer a job loss. This summary outlines recommendations for updating the program by extending benefits to more workers through changes in eligibility rules and establishing more uniform periods of benefit receipt.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411730&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Margaret Simms )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411730_job_loss.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="210573" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Making Work Pay II : Comprehensive Health Insurance for Low-Income Working Families]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Only 37 percent of adults in low-income working families had employer-sponsored health insurance and 42 percent had no coverage. Health care costs are also rapidly rising out of reach for even middle-income Americans. In this essay, Perry and Blumberg propose comprehensive reform that ensures coverage for everyone at every income level, while still encouraging work. Their proposals include state purchasing pools, individual mandates, and strategies for reducing health care costs.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411714&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Cynthia Perry, Linda J. Blumberg )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411714_working_families.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="220536" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Helping Poor Working Parents Get Ahead : Federal Funds for New State Strategies and Systems]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Low-wage adult workers have trouble getting and keeping higher-paying jobs. Most lack the basic skills and education needed to move up, but certain kinds of assistance might give some the edge they need to break the pattern. In this essay, Holzer and Martinson recommend competitive federal matching block grants that reward states for developing new advancement systems which are linked to state workforce development structures. They would also require partnerships with employers and training providers, including community colleges.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411722&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Harry Holzer, Karin Martinson )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411722_working_parents.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="243819" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Family Security : Supporting Parents' Employment and Children's DevelopmentSummary]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Parents in low-wage jobs lack both the time and resources  needed to fill their dual roles of worker and parent. In this essay, the authors outline a "family  security" approach that would help parents fulfill their roles  effectively. They suggest policies for  enabling parents to improve prospects for their children and combine work with  child rearing. Among the recommendations  are flexible and paid leave policies for working parents, guaranteed child  care, and expansion of the Early Head program.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411718&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Shelley Waters Boots, Jennifer Ehrle Macomber, Anna Danziger )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411718_parent_employment.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="255055" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Making Work Pay Enough : A Decent Standard of Living for Working Families]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[One-third of America's families with children are low income, meaning their incomes fall below twice the federal poverty level. Although four in five of these families work, many don't bring home enough to cover the everyday costs of living. In this essay, Acs and Turner outline their proposals to enhance low-income families' purchasing power and reduce unusually high housing costs through a package of reforms and policy initiatives that tackle both the income side and expenditure side of family budgets.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411710&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gregory Acs, Margery Austin Turner )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411710_work_pay.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="261016" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[When Traditional Asset Building Is Not Enough]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper is a response to New Safety Net Paper 7, "Enabling Families to Weather Emergencies and Develop: The Role of Assets," by Signe-Mary McKernan and Caroline Ratcliffe.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411735&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Jessica Gordon Nembhard )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411735_enabling_families_nembhard.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="129809" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Health Insurance for Low-Income Working Families - Summary]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Only 37 percent of adults in low-income working families had  employer-sponsored health insurance and 42 percent had no coverage. Health care costs are also rapidly rising out  of reach for even middle-income Americans.  In this summary, Perry and Blumberg propose comprehensive reform that  ensures coverage for everyone at every income level, while still encouraging  work. Their proposals include state  purchasing pools, individual mandates and strategies for reducing health care  costs.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411717&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Cynthia Perry, Linda J. Blumberg )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411717_working_families_summary.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="110386" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Making Work Pay Enough - Summary]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[One-third of America's families with children are low income, meaning their incomes fall below twice the federal poverty level. Although four in five of these families work, many don't bring home enough to cover the everyday costs of living. In this essay, Acs and Turner outline their proposals to enhance low-income families' purchasing power and reduce unusually high housing costs through a package of reforms and policy initiatives that tackle both the income side and expenditure side of family budgets.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411713&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gregory Acs, Margery Austin Turner )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411713_work_pay_summary.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="134948" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Comment on &quot;Making Work Pay II&quot;]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper is a response to New Safety Net Paper 2, "Making Work Pay II: Comprehensive Health Insurance for Low-Income Working Families," by Cynthia D. Perry and Linda J. Blumberg.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411715&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Jack A. Meyer )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411715_working_families_meyer.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="93207" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Helping Poor Working Parents Get Ahead - Summary]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Low-wage adult workers have trouble getting and keeping higher-paying jobs. Most lack the basic skills and education needed to move up, but certain kinds of assistance might give some the edge they need to break the pattern. In this summary, Holzer and Martinson recommend competitive federal matching block grants that reward states for developing new advancement systems which are linked to state workforce development structures. They would also require partnerships with employers and training providers, including community colleges.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411725&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Harry Holzer, Karin Martinson )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411725_working_parents_summary.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="133096" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Comment on &quot;Making Work Pay II&quot;]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper is a response to New Safety Net Paper 2, "Making Work Pay II: Comprehensive Health Insurance for Low-Income Working Families," by Cynthia D. Perry and Linda J. Blumberg.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411716&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Len Nichols )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411716_working_families_nichols.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="101851" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Weathering Job Loss - Summary]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Low-wage jobs are often characterized by uncertainty and unpredictable gaps in employment. A majority of workers in these jobs do not have access to the temporary income of unemployment insurance to tide them over when they suffer a job loss. This summary outlines recommendations for updating the program by extending benefits to more workers through changes in eligibility rules and establishing more uniform periods of benefit receipt.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411733&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Margaret Simms )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411733_job_loss_summary.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Family/Parents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="70810" />
		
    </item>

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