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    <title>Urban Institute: Families and Parenting</title>
    <link>http://www.urban.org/family/index.cfm</link>
    <description>Urban Institute reports on: Families and Parenting - The Urban Institute is a nonprofit nonpartisan policy research and educational organization established to examine the social, economic, and governance problems facing the nation.</description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright 2010 Urban Institute</copyright>
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	    <link>http://www.urban.org</link>
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    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Next Steps for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, the nation's primary safety net program for families with children, is due for reauthorization this year. The Urban Institute held a roundtable of experts from federal and state governments, academia, and policy organizations to discuss the program's current status and effectiveness. Experts agreed that TANF's goals need to be better articulated and that many key features of the program ,including funding, work requirements, and its place within the broader safety net, should be reexamined. Any assessment should consider especially how well TANF responds to family needs during a serious recession.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412047&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Sheila R. Zedlewski, Olivia Golden )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Every Kid Counts in the District of Columbia : 16th Annual Fact Book 2009]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The 16th annual Fact Book is a comprehensive data source for indicators of child well-being in the District of Columbia. It tracks the progression of child well-being over time, as well as differences in child well-being across wards and races/ethnicities. It is organized to reflect the six citywide goals for children and youth in DC: children are ready for school; children and youth succeed in school; children and youth are healthy and practice healthy behaviors; children and youth engage in meaningful activities; children and youth live in healthy, stable, and supportive families; and all youth make a successful transition to adulthood.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412038&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Jennifer Comey, Kaitlin Franks, David Price, Michel Grosz, Lesley Freiman )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412038_DC_Kids_Booklet.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="5209520" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Economic Modeling of Child Poverty and Prevention Council Initiatives : Final Report]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This report presents estimates of the potential effects of numerous proposals designed to reduce child poverty in the state of Connecticut (CT).  The results show the effects of initiatives to increase adult education, expand and improve the safety net, and strengthen families through increased child support and post-welfare case management. The results show the effects using two measures of poverty (the official measure and a modernized measure that includes all family resources and updated poverty thresholds) as well as the sensitivity to assumptions about the effects of initiatives on employment and earnings.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412027&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Linda Giannarelli, Sheila R. Zedlewski )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412027_economic_modeling.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="1357142" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Public Expenditures on Children through 2008]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Key facts are highlighted from several Urban Institute and Brookings Institution reports on public expenditures on children through 2008. Findings reveal that spending on children increased under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) and other stimulus spending, but not proportionately to other federal spending. As ARRA expires, spending on children is projected to decline, assuming no change in current policies. Results also show that states and localities spent more money than the federal government did on children in 2004, except when it came to the youngest children, and that overall public investment (local, state, and federal) increases as children get older.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412003&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Jennifer Ehrle Macomber, Julia Isaacs, Adam Kent, Tracy Vericker )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412003_public_expenditures_on_children.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="72606" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Work and Income Security from 1970 to 2005]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper uses data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to assess how the economic security and mobility of nonelderly adults in families with children has evolved from 1970 through 2005. We find that that for individuals in low-income families with a full-time, full-year worker, both economic security and upward mobility increased over time. Our findings underscore the importance of work for the long-term security and mobility of low-income families. The high and rising unemployment rates of 2009 clearly imperil the progress made during the last three decades of the 20th century.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=412000&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gregory Acs, Seth Zimmerman )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412000_work_and_income_security.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="147640" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Data Appendix to Kids' Share An Analysis of Federal Expenditures on Children through 2008]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Kids' Share: An Analysis of Federal Expenditures on Children through 2008, a third annual report, looks comprehensively at trends in federal spending and tax expenditures on children. This appendix details our data sources, the programs we include, and the methodology used to estimate the percentage of all expenditures that went to children.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411969&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Adam Kent, Tracy Vericker, Julia Isaacs, Jennifer Ehrle Macomber )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411969_dataappexkidsshare.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="759710" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Do Assets Help Families Cope with Adverse Events?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Family events, such as a job loss, the onset of health limitations, and a change in family structure, can adversely affect family well-being. The impact of these events may be mitigated if the family holds assets that can be used to maintain consumption. Using the SIPP, this study examines the role of assets in families' economic stability. We find that families in all parts of the income distribution experience material hardship after a negative event. Further, in the aftermath of a negative event, asset-poor families experience more hardship than non-asset-poor families, with assets helping most for low- and middle-income families.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411994&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Signe-Mary McKernan, Caroline Ratcliffe, Katie  Vinopal )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Intentions and Results: A Look Back at the Adoption and Safe Families Act]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA), signed into law on November 19, 1997, was the most significant piece of legislation dealing with child welfare in almost twenty years. The ambitious new law aimed to reaffirm the focus on child safety in case decision making and to ensure that children did not grow up in foster care but instead were connected with permanent families. Twelve years after the law was enacted, the Center for the Study of Social Policy (CSSP) in partnership with the Urban Institute co-sponsored this series of papers to examine effects of the ASFA law and its implementation.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001351&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Olivia Golden, Jennifer Ehrle Macomber, Additional Authors )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001351_safe_families_act.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="687826" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Kids' Share: An Analysis of Federal Expenditures on Children through 2008]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The third annual report looks comprehensively at trends in federal spending and tax expenditures on children. Key findings suggest that historically children have not been a budget priority. In 2008, this trend continued, as children's spending accounted for less than one-tenth of federal outlays. Absent a policy change, children's spending will continue to be squeezed in the next decade.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411989&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Julia Isaacs, Tracy Vericker, Jennifer Ehrle Macomber, Adam Kent )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411989_kids_share.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="1514833" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Expanding the EITC to Help More Low-Wage Workers]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The case for expanding the EITC for workers without qualifying children is compelling, as the current EITC provides little help to this group. We argue that the EITC for these workers should:

- provide these workers with a strong incentive to increase work effort;

- provide a significant subsidy to low-earning workers working near a full-time work level;

- begin phasing out only after an individual is working at a level at least equivalent to full-time minimum wage work;

- apply to both prime-age and younger workers; and

- be effectively coordinated with the Making Work Pay Credit.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001341&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Harry Holzer, Additional Authors )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001341_eitc.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="103407" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Children of Immigrants: A Statistical Snapshot]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The number and share of children with at least one immigrant parent, the percentage of children of immigrants who are U.S. citizens, and the share of children of immigrants vs. children with native parents who are poor are just some of the data this snapshot (in English and Spanish) provides.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901294&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Children of Immigrants: Immigration Trends]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This fact sheet is the first in a series of publications on children of immigrants in the United States that updates the Urban Institute's May 2006 fact sheet that described the circumstances of these children in the early 2000s. The current fact sheet examines immigration trends and finds that children of immigrants are the fastest growing segment of the nation's children population - while the number of children of natives increased by 2.1 million between 1990 and 2007, children of immigrants grew by 8.1 million accounting for 77 percent of the growth of the U.S. children population during this time.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901292&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Karina Fortuny, Ajay Chaudry )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901292_immigrationtrends.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="101911" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Risk and Recovery: Understanding the Changing Risks to Family Incomes]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper examines the characteristics and circumstances of families vulnerable to sharp income drops and those most likely to recover financially. More than 13 percent of nonelderly adults in families with children will see their incomes fall by half at some point over the course of a year, and about 40 percent fully recover within a year. Those who lose jobs or have an adult leave the family are more likely to have a substantial drop in income and are less likely to recover.This study uses data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, which collects data every four months and can provide information on short-term income loss.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411971&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gregory Acs, Pamela J. Loprest, Austin Nichols )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411971_risk_and_recovery.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="152401" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Are Families Prepared for Financial Emergencies?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Data from the 2007 Survey of Consumer Finances show a disturbing reality. Even prior to the current recession, many families did not have enough assets to see them through a modest spell of unemployment or another financial emergency. In 2007, nearly one in three U.S. families were liquid asset poor. Low-income, young, and nonemployed families are more vulnerable to economic emergencies. For example, two-thirds (68 percent) of bottom income quintile families and 47 percent of second income quintile families are liquid asset poor, while such shortfalls affect only 1 percent of top income quintile families.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411959&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Caroline Ratcliffe, Katie  Vinopal )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411959_OandOfact16_final.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="68486" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Transitioning In and Out of Poverty]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Slightly more than half of the U.S. population experiences poverty at some time before age 65. Roughly half of those who get out of poverty will become poor again within five years. Who is more likely to enter poverty? How long are people poor? And what events are associated with falling into and climbing out of poverty? This fact sheet summarizes key findings from the poverty dynamics literature to describe how, why, and when people move in and out of poverty.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411956&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Signe-Mary McKernan, Caroline Ratcliffe, Stephanie R. Cellini )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411956_transitioningpoverty.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="61423" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Vulnerable Youth and the Transition to Adulthood]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This series examines youth vulnerability and risk-taking behaviors on several outcomes for young adults, using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 cohort. Notable results suggest youth follow one of four patterns in connecting to the labor market and school in the transition to adulthood: consistently-connected, later-connected, initially-connected, or never-connected. Second generation Latinos make a fairly smooth transition to young adulthood, but are less likely to engage in post-secondary schooling than whites. Youth from low-income families, distressed neighborhoods, and youth with poor mental health engage in relatively higher levels of adolescent risk behaviors and have relatively lower earnings and levels of connectedness in early adulthood.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411948&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Jennifer Ehrle Macomber, Mike Pergamit, Tracy Vericker, Daniel Kuehn, Marla McDaniel, Erica H. Zielewski, Adam Kent, Heidi Johnson )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[New Research Explores the Sometimes Rough Road to Adulthood]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Low-income African American youth engage in fewer risky behaviors than low-income white youth, a new Urban Institute analysis of federal data reveals. This research on young blacks is part of a collection of eight brief studies on vulnerable youth, risky behavior, and the transition to adulthood.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901280&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Children of Immigrants: National and State Characteristics]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Up-to-date state information on children of immigrants is essential for social policies that affect children and families. This brief, accompanying the Urban Institute's interactive Children of Immigrants Data Tool, describes the national and state characteristics of children of immigrants based on recent American Community Survey data. Since children of immigrants account for almost a quarter (24 percent) of children under age 5, their share in the school-age population will increase, with important implications for education policy. In addition, children of immigrants' poverty and low-income rates vary across states, highlighting the importance of state and local policies in promoting children's well-being.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411939&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Karina Fortuny, Randolph Capps, Margaret Simms, Ajay Chaudry )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411939_childrenofimmigrants.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="229245" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Interactive Website Details the Lives of Children of Immigrants]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The Children of Immigrants Data Tool enables users to generate detailed charts of the characteristics of children age 0 to 17 nationwide and for individual states and the District of Columbia in 2005 and 2006. Statistics on 21 features include citizenship and the immigrant status (foreign vs. native-born) of children and their parents; children's race, ethnicity, and school enrollment; parents' education and English proficiency; and family composition, income, and work effort. A companion publication, "Children of Immigrants: National and State Characteristics," highlights key national data and variations across states.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901279&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Effect of Alternative Savings Approaches on College Aid]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[To pay for college, many low- and moderate-income students and their families rely on financial aid and savings. But how students and families saveand in whose nameaffects both the tax consequences and the impact of savings on financial aid. Not saving in a tax-preferred account can raise the out-of-pocket costs of college by thousands of dollars. Alternately, saving for college can result in tax penalties if families do not use tax-preferred savings for education.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411944&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Elaine Maag )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411944_theeffectof.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="65354" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Many Low-Income Working Families Turn to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program for Help]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides essential help in purchasing food for most low-income Americans. Most families can qualify for benefits if their assets and income fall below minimum levels. SNAP caseloads are at an all-time high due to the recession and to program changes making it easier to receive benefits. The majority of working families that receive assistance are headed by single parents that work part time. SNAP benefits substantially reduce poverty, especially deep poverty, when benefits are added to cash income.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411938&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Sheila R. Zedlewski, Ei Yin Mon )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411938_snapforhelp.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="49590" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Racial and Ethnic Disparities Among Low-Income Families]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Low-income status in the United States varies significantly by race and ethnicity. Of the more than 13.4 million families with children living on incomes less than 200 percent of the federal poverty level, 30 percent are Hispanic, 22 percent are black or African American, and 6 percent are other nonwhites. This fact sheet provides statistics on racial and ethnic differences in family structure, work effort, nativity or immigration status, earnings, and education.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411936&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Margaret Simms, Karina Fortuny, Everett Henderson )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411936_racialandethnic.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="80708" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Impacts of Foreclosures on Families and Communities: A Primer]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The foreclosure crisis is now having dramatic effects throughout America. In mid-2008, recognizing that this phenomenon was still quite new, the Open Society Institute asked the Urban Institute to scan available research to document what we know about: (1) the way foreclosures impact families; (2) how foreclosures affect communities; and (3) the efforts now underway, or being suggested, to address the crisis, focusing on actions at the local level. This report summarizes a longer report presenting the results of this review.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411910&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  G. Thomas Kingsley, Robin E. Smith, David Price )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411910_impact_of_foreclosures_primer.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="120383" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Facts and Findings about Foreclosures, Families, and Communities]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA["The Impacts of Foreclosures on Families and Communities" details what is known about how foreclosures adversely affect households and their neighborhoods  from children and the elderly to public safety and local property tax revenues. It also looks at policies, programs, and response strategies to prevent or mitigate the fallout.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901264&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Impacts of Foreclosures on Families and Communities]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The foreclosure crisis is now having dramatic effects throughout America. In mid-2008, recognizing that this phenomenon was still quite new, the Open Society Institute asked the Urban Institute to scan available research to document what we know about: (1) the way foreclosures impact families; (2) how foreclosures affect communities; and (3) the efforts now underway, or being suggested, to address the crisis, focusing on actions at the local level. This report presents the results of this review. A final section offers the authors' recommendations on priorities for additional research to fill important gaps in the knowledge base.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411909&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  G. Thomas Kingsley, Robin E. Smith, David Price )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411909_impact_of_forclosures.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="177701" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Stimulus and Poverty: A Role for Foundations in Seizing the Moment : How Foundations Can Help the Stimulus Reach Low-Income Families]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In this commentary for SpotlightOnPoverty.org, Institute Fellow Olivia Golden lays out five strategic investments foundations can make to sustain the economic stimulus package's positive outcomes for low-income families.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901260&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Olivia Golden )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Extending the EITC to Noncustodial Parents:  Potential Impacts and Design Considerations]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper examines the noncustodial parent earned income tax credit (NCP EITC), a new type of credit recently enacted in New York and Washington, D.C. and proposed by Senator Bayh and then-Senator Obama in 2007. The NCP EITC offers an earned income tax credit to low-income noncustodial parents who work and pay their full child support. This paper describes the rationale for this policy and provides national estimates of the benefits and costs of an NCP EITC under three alternative policy scenarios. It also discusses several key design and implementation issues.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411906&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Laura Wheaton, Elaine Sorensen )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411906_noncustodial_parents.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="153581" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Low-Income Working Families: Updated Facts and Figures]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[A large percentage of American families have low incomes, which lead to a host of challenges and disadvantages for both parents and children. In 2006, one out of every three families with children had incomes below twice the federal poverty level (FPL): $40,888 for a family with two adults and two children. While these families face many of the same challenges as other families, they are particularly financially vulnerable. This fact sheet provides statistics on the work effort, earnings, health care access and other characteristics of these families.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411900&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Alexandra Stanczyk )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411900_LIWF_fact_sheet.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="98770" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Risk and Recovery: Documenting the Changing Risks to Family Incomes]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Using the 1996, 2001, and 2004 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, this brief examines the likelihood that nonelderly individuals in families with children experience substantial drops in family income and recoveries from such drops. Over 13 percent of families see their incomes fall by half at some point over the course of a year with the lowest- and highest-income families the most likely to experience a substantial income loss. Further, only two in five individuals recover to at least 100 percent of their pre-drop income in the year after the drop.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411890&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gregory Acs, Pamela J. Loprest, Austin Nichols )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 22 May 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411890_risk_and_recovery.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="193664" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Five Questions For Mary Cunningham]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Mary Cunningham, author of "Preventing and Ending HomelessnessNext Steps," answers five questions about how to combat homelessness. Evidence-based approaches have cut homelessness among chronically homeless single adults and new strategies are now being adopted to help homeless families. Investing in proven strategies is crucial as the economic crisis puts more people at risk of ending up in shelters and threatens to reverse the progress communities have made toward ending and preventing homelessness.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901247&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Mary K. Cunningham )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Susan Popkin to Head the Urban Institute's New Program on Neighborhoods and Youth Development]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Susan Popkin, a senior fellow at the Urban Institute and an expert on public housing, has been named the director of the Institutes new Program on Neighborhoods and Youth Development.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901248&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Employers' Perspectives on San Francisco's Paid Sick Leave Policy]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This report summarizes strategies San Francisco employers used to implement the nation's first law requiring paid sick days for all employees, based on interviews with a sample of businesses. Although employers faced three new policies that affected staff wages and benefits, they were able to implement the paid sick leave requirement with minimal impacts to their business. The report details employer responses to the law in their operations, staffing, employee benefit packages, and reporting requirements. By assessing employers' perspectives on the operational challenges of the law, the study provides lessons to inform future research and policymaking.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411868&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Shelley Waters Boots, Karin Martinson, Anna Danziger )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411868_sanfranciso_sick_leave.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="112087" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Impact of Marital and Relationship Status on Social Outcomes for Returning Prisoners]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[While a large body of empirical research indicates that marriage is associated with criminal activity, to date little research exists on the effects of relationship status on a population of offenders returning to their communities. This study uses data on over 650 former prisoners to examine the impact of relationships on recidivism, substance use, and employment during this critical period of re-entry. Findings suggest that marriage cut the odds of recidivism and drug use in half when compared to those in casual relationships.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411871&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Christy Visher, Carly Knight, Aaron Chalfin, John Roman )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411871_returning_prisoners.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="178514" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Strengthening Families Through Stronger Fathers Initiative: Lessons from the First Year of the Evaluation]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In 2006, New York became the first state in the country to enact legislation that consists of two innovative policies that are designed to help low-income noncustodial parents (mostly fathers) find work and pay the full amount of their current child support called the Strengthening Families Through Stronger Fathers Initiative. This report describes this initiative and gives detailed information about the five pilot sites that are providing employment services to low-income noncustodial parents in the following New York communities: Buffalo, Jamestown, New York City and Syracuse. It is the first of several reports that will describe this initiative and its results over the next two years.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411870&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Elaine Sorensen, Carolyn T. O&apos;Brien, Ronald B. Mincy )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411870_strengtheningfamilies.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="643706" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Stimulus Package (HR1) and Low-Income Families]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This speech, given at the University of Chicago's School of Social Service Administration, discusses how the stimulus package addresses the policy needs of low-income working families. It focuses on three questions: how it might reduce poverty in the short term; how it might help position service providers for addressing poverty in the long term; and what researchers can do to inform future policies in this area. Efforts are compared to the following goals: increasing wages, promoting job stability and upward mobility, and providing income supports when needed.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411867&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Margaret Simms )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411867_low-income_families.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="43287" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Fresh Ideas On Work-Life Balance Explored in New Book]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Work-Life Policies, a new Urban Institute Press book, explains that even the most generous policy does little to accommodate workers' outside responsibilities if a job's structure or colleagues' attitudes undermine the policy. Work-Life Policies details the latest researchfrom sociologists, psychologists, lawyers, and management scholarsand underscores the importance of tailoring effective accommodations for all employees: male or female, parents or childless, salaried or hourly, near the end of one's career or new to the workforce.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901243&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Disability Onset Among Working Parents : Earnings Drops, Compensating Income Sources and Health Insurance Coverage]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper examines work-limiting disability using the 1996 and 2001 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Nearly 10 percent of employed parents developed or had a recurring disability over the course of the panel. For about a quarter of this group, earnings dropped by more than 25 percent of family income, with other income sources offsetting only a small fraction of lost earnings. In addition, workers who hold health insurance policies through their employer were less likely to reduce hours worked or leave their job following disability onset, effects consistent with job lock.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411855&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Cynthia Perry, Genevieve M. Kenney, Bogdan Tereshchenko )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411855_disabilityonsetamongworkingparents.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="128497" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Working for Cents on the Dollar : Race and Ethnic Wage Gaps in the Noncollege Labor Market]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This paper uses data from the 2007 Survey of Employers in the Low-Skill Labor Market to analyze whether wage differences among workers of different races and ethnicities in the low-skill labor market remain after controlling for individual, job, and employer characteristics. The employer-provided data include detailed information on job requirements and employer characteristics rarely available in household surveys. We find that black workers earn significantly less than white workers in the less-skilled labor market, and a significant difference (12 percent) remains even after controlling for worker, job, and employer characteristics.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411856&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gregory Acs, Pamela J. Loprest )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411856_workingforcentsonthedollar.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="88338" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Minnesota Integrated Services Project : Final Report on an Initiative to Improve Outcomes for Hard-to-Employ Welfare Recipients]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The Minnesota Integrated Services Projects focus on improving the delivery of employment, health, and social services to families who receive cash assistance and have serious or multiple barriers to employment. Operating in eight sites, the project seeks to provide comprehensive assessments of participants' barriers, improve access to more complete services that address multiple needs, and coordinate services provided by multiple service systems. This is the final report in an evaluation of the project and describes the changes in the economic outcomes and family-related outcomes of ISP participants over a two-year period, provides estimates of the relationship between ISP participation and participants' employment and MFIP outcomes, and provides conclusions and policy recommendations.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411852&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Karin Martinson, Caroline Ratcliffe, Katie  Vinopal, Joanna Parnes )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411852_minnesota_ISP.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="1285723" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Residential Segregation and Low-Income Working Families]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Historically, residential segregation constrained where minorities could live, contributing to disparities in education, employment, and wealth. Researchers interested in the well-being and future prospects of low-income working families have not yet explored how their residential patterns may vary across racial and ethnic lines or considered the implications of these patterns. Therefore, this paper explores differences in neighborhood characteristics among white, black, and Hispanic low-income working families. The findings suggest that policies aimed at reducing the persistent disadvantages facing minority low-income working families need to address the ways the neighborhoods in which minorities live may be compounding these disadvantages.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411845&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Margery Austin Turner, Karina Fortuny )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411845_residential_segregation_liwf.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="218544" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[A Safety Net For the Least Fortunate]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In this Washington Post commentary, Institute Fellow Harry Holzer suggests ways to help those most adversely affected by the economic downturnlow-income single mothers, disadvantaged adults, youths, and their families.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001249&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Peter Edelman, Mark Greenberg, Harry Holzer )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Examining Child Support Arrears in California: The Collectibility Study]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This report was prepared in response to a mandate from the California State Legislature to analyze how much of the $14.4 billion in child support arrears owed statewide in March 2000 was realistically collectible. Child support arrears had grown dramatically in California during the prior decade and state legislators were concerned about their collectibility. The Urban Institute estimated that $3.8 billion, or 26% of the $14.4 billion, would be collected over 10 years. The reason that so little arrears are likely to be collected is that most of the arrears are owed by individuals who owe more than $20,000 in arrears and have relatively low incomes.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411838&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Elaine Sorensen, Heather L. Koball, Kate Pomper, Chava Zibman )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411838_california_child_support.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="553263" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Preventing Child Support Arrears in Texas by Improving Front-end Processes]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In 2003, the Texas Office of Attorney General fundamentally altered the process of establishing child support orders, going from a highly judicial process of establishing orders to a process that establishes most orders administratively. It also substantially improved the issuance of income withholding orders. This report describes the implementation of these reforms and measures their impact. It finds that, after the reforms were implemented, the amount of time it takes to establish child support orders and income withholding orders on newly opened cases declined significantly and the amount of arrears assessed on newly established orders declined significantly, suggesting a highly successful initiative.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411829&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Elaine Sorensen, Tess Tannehill )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 28 Jan 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411829_child_support_arrears.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="434868" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Assessing Child Support Arrears in Nine Large States and the Nation]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In September 2007, child support arrears had reached $107 billion. The purpose of this report is to provide information about the individuals who owe child support arrears, estimate how much arrears are likely to be collected, and identify the factors that have led to their rapid growth. We find that most arrears are owed by noncustodial parents who have no or low reported incomes. We estimate that 40 percent of arrears in seven large states are likely to be collected over 10 years. The primary reason arrears have grown is because many states have begun to assess interest on arrears.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001242&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Elaine Sorensen, Liliana Sousa, Simone G. Schaner )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001242_child_support_arrears.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="747660" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Demographic Survey Results from Nine-State IV-D Programs]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In FY 2007, the national child support program served 17 million children and collected $25 billion in child support, yet little is known about the underlying demographic and economic characteristics of the individuals served. To remedy this lack of information, Courtland Consulting and the Urban Institute, under contract with the federal Office of Child Support Enforcement, surveyed nine state child support programs about their caseloads. We found that state child support programs are able to provide considerable amounts of information about their clients, but key characteristics proved difficult to obtain, such as the poverty status of the families served.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001243&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Elaine Sorensen, Tess Tannehill )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001243_IV-D_programs.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="1412099" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Providing Maternity Care to the Underserved : A Comparative Case Study of Three Maternity Care Models Serving Women in Washington, D.C.]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This comparative case study describes the organization, delivery, and content of care of three maternity care models serving low-income women at risk of poor birth outcomes in Wards 5, 6, and 7 in Washington D.C. The first model, a birth center, provides prenatal care, birth services, postpartum follow-up, and infant and child health care. The second is a safety net clinic, which provides a variety of primary health care services, as well as prenatal care services. A not-for-profit teaching and research hospital represents a third option in which prenatal and postnatal care is provided through an on-site obstetric clinic.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411818&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Louise Palmer, Allison Cook, Brigette Courtot )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411818_maternity_care.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="227843" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[A Quick Look at U.S. Households and Their Assets]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Boosting assets enables individuals and households to invest in life goals and to enhance long-term economic stability and social protections. This fact sheet, drawn from Asset Building and Low-Income Families, presents an array of key statistics.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901202&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 09 Dec 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901202_household_assets.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="19023" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Scholars Say Asset Building is Vital to Economic Well-Being of Low-Income Familes]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Fast-changing labor markets and growing economic inequality mean that low-income families need more than stop-gap income support in hard times, according to McKernan and Sherraden, coeditors of the volume. Their analysis finds that building wealthputting money in a bank account, saving in a retirement fund, owning a homeis vital for the economic security and advancement low-income families. Most government policies ignore this key goal, they point out, and some undermine it. McKernan, Sherraden, and other top experts size up the current data on assets, analyze the benefits of asset holding, and consider policy responsesmaking the book the first comprehensive review of asset policy.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901203&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 09 Dec 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Department of Health and Human Services: Improving Services for Children and Families]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This chapter was part of an online effort by the Center for American Progress Action Fund and New Democracy Project to offer expert advice to the new administration as part of its Change for America book project (http://www.americanprogressaction.org/issues/2008/changeforamerica/additionalcontributions.html). Washingtons new leadership, its authors say, should build on the Administration for Children and Families assets and focus on the interrelated goals of promoting family economic security and promoting healthy child and youth development. These twin goals can best be achieved through new strategic investments, capacity building and innovative partnerships, coordination across offices and departments, and collaboration with states and the private sector.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001233&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Olivia Golden, Joan Lombardi )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Dec 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001233_improving_services_for_children.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml" type="application/pdf" length="323709" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Kids Having Kids Unravels the Complex Consequences of Teen Parenthood for Individuals and Society]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The second edition of Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy from the Urban Institute Press examines the context and impact of teen parenthood and finds no simple relationship between a persons early parenthood and her or her familys subsequent health, wealth, or education. Instead, the volumes 21 contributors find, many personal and economic factors combine to influence the life of a teen parent and her family.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901199&amp;RSSFeed=UI_FamiliesandParenting.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>

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