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    <title>Urban Institute: Adolescents</title>
    <link>http://www.urban.org/adolescents/index.cfm</link>
    <description>Urban Institute reports on: Adolescents - The Urban Institute is a nonprofit nonpartisan policy research and educational organization established to examine the social, economic, and governance problems facing the nation.</description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright 2009 Urban Institute</copyright>
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    <lastBuildDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2009 16:35:33 EST</lastBuildDate>
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		<width>29</width>
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	    <link>http://www.urban.org</link>
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    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Health Care Reform for Children with Public Coverage: How Can Policymakers Maximize Gains and Prevent Harm?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This brief examines the potential effects of health care reform on the more than 25 million children who currently have coverage under Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Increased parental coverage will help these children since many have uninsured parents with unmet health needs. However, proposals to move these children into a new health insurance exchange could make them worse off through the potential loss of benefits and legal protections and possible exposure to higher cost-sharing; alternatively, if reimbursement rates are higher in the exchange than paid under Medicaid and CHIP, children's access to providers could improve.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411899&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Genevieve M. Kenney, Stan Dorn )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411899_children_healthcare_reform.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="231915" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Five Questions For Mary Cunningham]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Mary Cunningham, author of "Preventing and Ending HomelessnessNext Steps," answers five questions about how to combat homelessness. Evidence-based approaches have cut homelessness among chronically homeless single adults and new strategies are now being adopted to help homeless families. Investing in proven strategies is crucial as the economic crisis puts more people at risk of ending up in shelters and threatens to reverse the progress communities have made toward ending and preventing homelessness.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901247&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Mary K. Cunningham )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Susan Popkin to Head the Urban Institute's New Program on Neighborhoods and Youth Development]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Susan Popkin, a senior fellow at the Urban Institute and an expert on public housing, has been named the director of the Institutes new Program on Neighborhoods and Youth Development.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901248&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Every Kid Counts in the District of Columbia: 15th Annual Fact Book 2008]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The 15th annual Fact Book is a comprehensive data source for indicators of child well-being in the District of Columbia. Over 50 data indicators are tracked over time. This publication provides a broad perspective on the status of children and youth in the District. We seek to inform and educate our readers about the issues affecting children and their families in the District. We encourage community residents, policy makers, professionals, and others who work with and/or on behalf of children and families to create conditions that foster the optimal health and development of our children.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001263&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Jennifer Comey, David Price, Michel Grosz )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
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    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[A Safety Net For the Least Fortunate]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In this Washington Post commentary, Institute Fellow Harry Holzer suggests ways to help those most adversely affected by the economic downturnlow-income single mothers, disadvantaged adults, youths, and their families.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001249&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Peter Edelman, Mark Greenberg, Harry Holzer )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Economic Recovery Package Will Help Poor Older Adults, but More Could Be Done]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Older adults often are left out of policy conversations on poverty because many believe that relatively few of them experience economic hardship. Yet an updated measure of poverty indicates that the rate for adults ages 65 and older matches the rate for children. The Economic Recovery package under consideration includes some provisions that would benefit older adults, but more could be done. One-time payments for those receiving welfare and increases in food assistance benefits especially would help some poor older adults. Investments in the job skills of those who want to work should also be considered.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901221&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Sheila R. Zedlewski )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901221_economic_recovery_package.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="43945" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Next Stage for Social Policy: : Encouraging Work and Family Formation among Low-Income Men]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The Earned Income Tax Credit enjoyed marked success bringing low-income women into the labor force in recent years. At the same time, labor force participation by low-income or less-education men stagnated, and declined among young black men. In response to these labor market conditions, this paper analyzes several EITC reform options directed at increasing the EITC for low-income workers, in the hopes of drawing these men into the labor force. We estimate the cost of various proposals and put forth an additional proposal that breaks the EITC into two components  one focused on individual workers and one focused on supporting children.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411774&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Adam Carasso, Harry Holzer, Elaine Maag, C. Eugene Steuerle )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411774_encouragingwork.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="189031" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Data Appendix to Kids' Share 2008]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Kids' Share 2008, a second annual report, looks comprehensively at trends in federal spending and tax expenditures on children.  This appendix details our data sources, the programs we include, and the methodology used to estimate the percentage of all expenditures that went to children.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411704&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gillian Reynolds, Elizabeth Bell, Rebecca L. Clark, Rosalind E. Berkowitz, Christopher Spiro )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411704_kids_share_08_app.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="328127" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Kids to Receive Declining Share of Federal Spending]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Children are a diminishing priority in the federal budget, a study from the Urban Institute and New America Foundation shows. If current spending and revenue policies continue, the childrens share of domestic federal spending-which excludes defense, non-defense homeland security, and international affairs-will be 13.8 percent in 2018, down from 16.2 percent in 2007 and 20.2 percent in 1960.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901182&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Community Collaboratives Addressing Youth Gangs: Interim Findings from the Gang Reduction Program]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This report presents interim findings of the Urban Institute's evaluation of the Gang Reduction Program (GRP), a $10 million, multi-year, federal initiative to reduce gang crime in Los Angeles, California; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; North Miami Beach, Florida; and Richmond, Virginia. The evaluation found substantial variation in collaboration levels among partners in each site, but each site achieved significant implementation successes. The effects of GRP in each site were mixed, and only one site, Los Angeles, showed a significant reduction in crime levels. By late 2007, however, three sites had undertaken significant steps towards sustaining GRP beyond the federal funding period.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411692&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Meagan Cahill, Mark Coggeshall, David Hayeslip, Ashley Wolff, Erica Lagerson, Michelle L. Scott, Elizabeth Davies, Kevin Roland, Scott Decker )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411692_communitycollaboratives.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="16548626" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Children's Savings Accounts: Why Design Matters]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[One way to achieve an ownership society is to endow all children with savings accounts starting at birth. This report shows that specific design features of a children's savings account program will impact the distribution of wealth. For example, non-taxability of account earnings distributes significantly more benefits to higher-income groups than to lower-income groups. Also, because many families experience mobility over their lifetimes, a significant portion of benefits conditioned on low annual income will accrue to middle- and higher-income families. Regardless, these accounts could be important in getting children banked and teaching them the value of saving and compound interest.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411677&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Barbara Butrica, Adam Carasso, C. Eugene Steuerle, Desmond Toohey )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 23 May 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411677_childrens_savings.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="1433855" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[An Economic Framework and Selected Proposals for Demonstrations Aimed At Strengthening Marriage, Employment, and Family Functioning Outcomes]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The increasing recognition of the importance of marriage for the social and economic well-being of children has led to demonstrations aimed at strengthening and stimulating healthy marriages. The next step is to ensure that factors closely linked with healthy marriages are addressed as well. This paper brings together research findings and policy ideas about the interactions between marriage, employment, and family functioning. It presents a framework and proposes several demonstrations aimed at improving employment and family outcomes for disadvantaged populations. The appendix reviews an extensive body of research on specific linkages between marriage, employment, and family functioning.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411655&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Robert I. Lerman, Gregory Acs, Anupa Bir )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411655_economic_framework.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="674028" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Coming of Age: Employment Outcomes for Youth Who Age Out of Foster Care Through Their Middle Twenties]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This study examines employment outcomes for youth who age out of foster care through their middle twenties in three states: California, Minnesota, and North Carolina. The study linked child welfare, Unemployment Insurance (UI), and public assistance administrative data to assess outcomes. Results suggest that youth who age out of foster care continue to experience poor employment outcomes at age 24 and generally follow one of four employment trajectories as they transition to adulthood.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001174&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Jennifer Ehrle Macomber, Stephanie Cuccaro-Alamin, Dean Duncan, Daniel Kuehn, Marla McDaniel, Tracy Vericker, Mike Pergamit, Barbara Needell, Hye-Chung Kum, Joy Stewart, Chung-Kwon Lee, Richard P. Barth )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 18 Apr 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001174_employment_outcomes.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="452889" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Effects of Immigration on the Employment Outcomes of Black Americans : Statement before the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[While most evidence suggests that immigration has had a modest negative effect on black employment, especially for those without a high school diploma, changes in immigration law will probably not improve job prospects for young blacks, Senior Fellow Harry Holzer told the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. He offered six suggestions for policymakers looking to improve outcomes for young African Americans, such as improving their early work experience and occupational training with high-quality career and technical education.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901159&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Harry Holzer )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901159_Holzer.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="38465" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Girls in the 'Hood: The Importance of Feeling Safe]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The Moving to Opportunity program targeted families living in some of the nation's poorest, highest-crime neighborhoods and offered them a chance to move to lower poverty areas. One hope was that, away from concentrated poverty and the risks associated with itincluding poor physical and mental health, risky sexual behavior and delinquencyfamilies would fare better. This brief examines how adolescent girls benefited from moving out of high poverty and discusses why girls might have fared so much better than boys.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411636&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Susan J. Popkin, Tama Leventhal, Gretchen Weismann )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 20 Mar 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411636_girls_in_the_hood.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="99827" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Assisted Housing Mobility and the Success of Low-Income Minority Families: Lessons for Policy, Practice, and Future Research]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The federal Moving to Opportunity program (MTO) was designed to help poor minority families move from distressed, high poverty neighborhoods to better locations, thereby improving their quality of life and long term chances for well-being. Low income families living in concentrated poverty face a variety of challenges to their safety, health, and economic health, including poor schools, high crime and unemployment. This brief examines areas where the MTO program helped movers with those challenges, areas still problematic even after moving, and factors affecting those outcomes and considers policy implications for the next generation of assisted housing mobility initiatives.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411638&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Margery Austin Turner, Xavier de Souza Briggs )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 20 Mar 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411638_assisted_housing.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="103297" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Foster Youths' Views of Adoption and Permanency]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This exploratory study, conducted in Washington, D.C. and New York City, sought to examine foster youths' views of adoption, permanency, and adoption recruitment. Using data collected from focus groups with foster youth, ages 11 to 19, the study raised three important findings: (1) foster care experiences influence youths' perceptions of adoption; (2) youth have concerns and fears about adoption; and (3) youth expect autonomy and want to feel empowered. The study's findings suggest that child welfare agencies and caseworkers may have more to do in terms of educating youth about adoption and other permanency options.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411609&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Kate Chambers, Erica H. Zielewski, Karin Malm )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 01 Feb 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411609_adoption_permanency.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="121927" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Putting Juveniles in Adult Jails Doesn't Work]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In this Washington Examiner commentary, John Roman explains why automatically putting juvenile offenders in adult detention is a mistake: it can turn the teenagers into hardened criminals and sends the message that society has written them off.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901138&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  John Roman )</author>
        <pubDate>Sat, 05 Jan 2008 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Lecture Series Honoring Paul Offner Launched by University of Wisconsin and Urban Institute]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Paul Offners legacy of applying good scholarship to public policy solutions, especially for societys disadvantaged, will be celebrated with a lecture series sponsored by the University of Wisconsin-Madisons La Follette School of Public Affairs in partnership with the Washington, D.C.-based Urban Institute.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901123&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Labor Market and Young Black Men: Updating Moynihan's Perspective]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In this paper I review Daniel Patrick Moynihan's views on employment and young black men in his 1965 report. I then update the evidence on their employment status, and review the causes and policy implications of these trends. Moynihan was extremely prescient in forecasting a "crisis...that would only grow worse." He understood that these trends involve both limits on labor market opportunities that these young men face as well as skill deficits and behavioral responses by the young men themselves. Policies that deal with a wide range of disadvantages and behaviors are needed to reverse these trends.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1001111&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Harry Holzer )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 19 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1001111_moynihan_perspective.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="183343" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Federal Investment in Children Projected to Weaken by 2017]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Federal investment in children is likely to decline markedly within the next decade, according to a new Urban Institute study. The share of the federal budget for programs that enhance kids' future productivity or income is forecast to drop from 1.6 percent of the gross domestic product in 2006 to 1.3 percent by 2017, under current policies.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901113&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 10 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Data Appendix to Investing in Children]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA["Investing in Children" tracks trends in federal investment from 1965 to 2017 for children as compared against the nation as a whole. This appendix details our data sources, the programs we include, and the methodology used to estimate the percentage of all expenditures that went to children.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411521&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gillian Reynolds, C. Eugene Steuerle, Adam Carasso )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 07 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411521_data_appendix.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="234128" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Investing in Children : Losing Ground?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This brief charts U.S. federal spending on investment in total and for children from 1965 to 2017. Relative to GDP or domestic spending, total investment and investment in childrenunder almost any definitionfell over the 19652006 period, though with some recent rebounds. More important, projections of current policies show that overall government investment and especially investment in children are threatened to decline in relative and sometimes absolute importance, squeezed out mainly by faster, automatically growing programs that tend to favor consumption. These data raise the question of what relative priority the government should place on investment, and particularly investment in children.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411540&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  C. Eugene Steuerle, Gillian Reynolds, Adam Carasso )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 07 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411540_losing_ground.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="1689081" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Investing in Children]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[We chart U.S.  federal spending on investment in total and for children from 1965 to 2017.  Five major categories can be considered -- some more so than others -- to be  investment or to have investment components: education and research, work  supports, social supports, physical capital, and defense investment. Relative to domestic spending, the most direct investment -- education and research -- for the nation as a whole, and crucially for children, fell over the 1970-2006 period though with some recent rebounds. More important, projections of current policies show  that overall government investment and especially investment in children are  threatened to decline in relative and sometimes absolute importance, squeezed  out mainly by faster, automatically growing programs that tend to favor  consumption. These data raise the question of what relative priority the  government should place on investment, and particularly investment in children.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411539&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  C. Eugene Steuerle, Gillian Reynolds, Adam Carasso )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 07 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411539_investing_in_children.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="1988302" />
		
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    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Why Rise in Latino Drug Use? : Latino Students Pick Up the Bad Habits of Their U.S. Peer Group]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In this letter to <em>The Charlotte Observer</em> editor, Caterina Roman explains that the recent surge in drug use and other high-risk behaviors among young Latinos can be a sign of their adjustment to the American culture and that the only way to prevent this is to understand the process of acculturation.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901095&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Caterina Gouvis Roman )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 02 Jul 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Understanding Homeless Youth: Numbers, Characteristics, Multisystem Involvement, and Intervention Options : Testimony Before the U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In testimony before the U.S. House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Income Security and Family Support, homelessness expert Martha Burt discusses how many homeless youth there are, their characteristics, the factors that predispose youth to become homeless, and the most promising points and types of intervention.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901087&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Martha R. Burt )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 19 Jun 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901087_Burt_Homeless.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="106527" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Some Thoughts About New and Old Asset-Promotion Policies]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Despite a plethora of proposals for helping people build assets, policy researchers have provided little methodological guidance about how best to view and evaluate these policies. This paper is an initial attempt to move in this direction, drawing on methods for assessing income-tested and social insurance programs and on analyses of public policies dealing with savings, investments, and risks. It examines whether and in what ways the traditional criteria of incentives, progressivity, and equity apply to an assessment of asset-building policies. Further, it discusses how to design an asset policy to deal with the potential social dislocations arising from gentrification.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411477&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Robert I. Lerman )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411477_asset_promotion.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="65637" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Kids' Share 2007]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This study reports on trends in federal spending on children from 1960 to 2017, looking across over 100 major federal programs, including tax credits and exemptions. Children's spending increasingly shifted from broad-based programs to programs targeting low-income or special needs children over the 1960 to 2006 period. Thirteen major programs enacted between 1960 and 2006, which include Medicaid, the earned income tax credit, and Food Stamps, comprised 65 percent of federal spending on children in 2006. Overall, federal children's spending increased in real terms from $53 billion in 1960 to $333 billion in 2006, or from 1.9 to 2.6 percent of GDP. Yet as a share of federal domestic spending, children's spending declined from 20.1 to 15.4 percent. Meanwhile, spending on the automatically growing, non-child portions of Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid, nearly quadrupled from 2.0 to 7.6 percent of GDP ($58 billion to $993 billion) over the same time period. Over the next ten years, children's programs are scheduled to decline both as a share of GDP and domestic spending, because they do not compete on a level playing field with these rapidly growing entitlement programs.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411432&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Adam Carasso, C. Eugene Steuerle, Gillian Reynolds )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 15 Mar 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411432_Kids_Share_2007.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="1401579" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Kids' Share 2007: Data Appendix]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA["Kids' Share 2007: How Children Fare in the Federal Budget" tracks trends in federal spending on children from 1960 to 2017 by analyzing over 100 programs through which the federal government spends on children.  This appendix lists our data sources, describes each program, and explains the methodology used to estimate the percentage of all expenditures that went to children.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901055&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Gillian Reynolds, Elizabeth Bell, Rebecca L. Clark, Rosalind E. Berkowitz, Christopher Spiro, C. Eugene Steuerle, Adam Carasso )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 15 Mar 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901055_KidsShare_Appendix.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="332743" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Federal Resources for Children Challenged by Automatic Growth in Adult Entitlement Programs]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Caught between ever-rising expenditures on adult health care and retirement programs and their own programs that often lack automatic growth, children will see their shares of federal domestic spending and the gross national product decline by double digits over the next decade, according to a report released today by the nonpartisan Urban Institute.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901056&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 15 Mar 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Economic Costs of Child Poverty : Testimony Before the U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[In testimony before the U.S. House Ways and Means Committee, visiting fellow Harry Holzer says the costs to the United States associated with childhood poverty total about $500 billion per year, or the equivalent of nearly 4 percent of GDP. This suggests that investing significant resources in poverty reduction might be more cost-effective than previously thought.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901032&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Harry Holzer )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jan 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Ajay Chaudry Is Appointed Director of the Urban Institute's Center on Labor, Human Services, and Population]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[New York City agency administrator, educator, and researcher Ajay Chaudry will become the director of the Urban Institute's Center on Labor, Human Services, and Population February 12.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901028&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jan 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[N.Y. Gov Eliot Spitzer Taps the Urban Institute's Olivia Golden To Be His Director of Operations]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Urban Institute senior fellow Olivia Golden has been named state director of operations by New York Gov. Eliot Spitzer. Golden will oversee 80 state agencies.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901029&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jan 2007 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Every Kid Counts in the District of Columbia : 13th Annual Fact Book 2006]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The 13th annual Fact Book is a comprehensive data source for indicators of child well-being in the District of Columbia. Over 50 data indicators are tracked over time. The Fact Book is organized this year to reflect the six citywide goals for children and youth in the District of Columbia. The six citywide goals are: children are ready for school; children and youth succeed in school; children and youth are healthy and practice healthy behaviors; children and youth engage in meaningful activities; children and youth live in healthy, stable, and supportive families; and all youth make a successful transition to adulthood.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=901025&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Jessica Cigna, Jennifer Comey, Elizabeth Guernsey, Peter A. Tatian )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 18 Dec 2006 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901025_Every_Kid_Counts.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="3181756" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[At-Risk and Delinquent Girls Programs in the SafeFutures Demonstration : Program Models, Implementation Challenges, and Recommendations for Research, Policy, and Practice]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The SafeFutures Program to Reduce Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Violence was a five-year six-site demonstration supported by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), U.S. Department of Justice. SafeFutures sought to prevent and control juvenile crime and victimization through a continuum of prevention, intervention, and treatment services to meet the needs of at-risk and delinquent youth. The At-Risk and Delinquent Girls component was intended to provide services to meet the unique emotional and developmental needs of young women.  This report examines the programs targeted to at-risk girls in each site. The report also includes a brief overview of some promising national programs. The report then focuses on the efforts of the six SafeFutures sites in developing and maintaining programs targeted to at-risk and delinquent girls.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411385&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Caterina Gouvis Roman, Rebecca Naser, Shelli B. Rossman, Jennifer Castro, Jennifer Lynn-Whaley )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 01 Dec 2006 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411385_safefutures.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="653060" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Understanding Recent Changes in Child Poverty]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Over the past 10 years, U.S. child poverty rates took two sharp turns:  a major reduction from 1993 to 2000 followed by a slight hike from 2000 to 2004. This brief finds that the 1993 to 2000 drop in child poverty is largely due to improvements in the job market, especially for less-educated workers. The economic downturn beginning in 2000 hit all families, even those with more education, but the families of black children were hit hardest.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=311356&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Austin Nichols )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 25 Aug 2006 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/311356_A71.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="50000" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Financial Literacy Strategies: Where Do We Go From Here?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Report No. 1 of the Opportunity and Ownership Project.  Financial services have become more free and accessible, but also increasingly complex. For new financial options to help most people, they must understand their options.  Unfortunately, Americans have a weak grasp of basic finance. This paper emphasizes the importance of financial literacy and examines current financial education strategies. We explore two methods of financial educationbroad financial curriculums and "teachable moments." After examining each, we suggest that a combination of the two perspectives, with the topics and strategies varying by target audience. We conclude by calling for a more rigorous evaluation of the effects of existing programs.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=311352&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Robert I. Lerman, Elizabeth Bell )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 17 Aug 2006 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/311352_financial_literacy.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="594101" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Reconnecting Young Black Men]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Many young black males are not celebrating the completion of high school or reaping the rewards of a diploma. Visiting fellow Harry Holzer explains why and offers a three-prong strategy for improving their lives.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=900956&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Harry Holzer )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 15 May 2006 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Understanding Changes in Child Poverty Over the Past Decade]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Child poverty dropped dramatically from 1993 to 2000 and increased from 2000 to 2004; both trends were even more marked for black children. While work, education, and family structure, together with macroeconomic conditions, are all significant determinants of child poverty over the last twenty years, macroeconomic conditions dominate the explanation for the dramatic changes of 1993 to 2000 and 2000 to 2004. Specifically, the state unemployment rate and real minimum wage  (especially interacted with educational attainment) explain most of the fall in child poverty during the 1990's and the more recent rise.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411320&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Austin Nichols )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 11 May 2006 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411320_DP06-02.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="115051" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Reconnecting Disadvantaged Young Men]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[[First Tuesdays Transcript] Between 2 and 3 million young people age 16-24 are "disconnected" from society, removed from school and work for a year or longer. While young women have made progress in recent years, young men haven't. The problem is especially pressing for minority men, and most pressing for young black men. Panelists address what types of programs would help these groups, how financial incentives might help get young men into school or jobs, and what barriers face noncustodial fathers and former prisoners.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=900947&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 07 Mar 2006 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Economic Impact of Raising the Age of Juvenile Jurisdiction in Connecticut : Remarks before the Judiciary and Appropriations Committee, Connecticut General Assembly, February 21, 2006]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This document contains testimony delivered to the Connecticut Judiciary and Appropriations Committees, on the economic impact of raising the age of juvenile jurisdiction from 16 to 18. The study finds that moving 16- and 17-year-old youth out of the adult system into the juvenile system, while maintaining all other services for youth as they are today, will return about $3 in benefit for every $1 in cost, assuming no new juvenile detention construction is required. If new construction is required, the transition of juveniles would result in slightly less than a $1 in benefit for every $1 in cost in the year the construction occurs, and $3 in benefit for every $1 in cost in subsequent years.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=900959&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  John Roman )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 21 Feb 2006 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/900959_juvenile_jurisdiction_CT.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="23288" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Strategies for Preventing Homelessness]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[This report identifies six community-wide approaches to preventing homelessness, three focused on families, two focused on people with serious mental illness, and one focused on youth.  It describes four elements common to successful programs: (1) the ability to target people seriously at risk of homelessness; (2) the motivation to invest resources for prevention; (3) mechanisms for maximizing resources by collaborating with non-housing agencies such as child welfare and mental health; and (4) leadership that sets goals, develops strategies, and uses data to track progress, provide feedback, and support improvements.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=1000874&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Martha R. Burt, Carol Pearson, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 09 Feb 2006 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/1000874_preventing_homelessness.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="720704" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Every Kid Counts in the District of Columbia : Twelfth Annual Fact Book, 2005]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The 12th annual Fact Book is a comprehensive data source for indicators of child well-being in the District of Columbia. Over 50 data indicators are tracked over time from the following topic areas: population trends, economic security, family attachment and community support, homeless children and families, child health, safety and personal security, education, and selected indicators by ward, neighborhood cluster, and region.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=900910&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Jessica Cigna, Jennifer Comey, Peter A. Tatian, Mary Kopczynski Winkler )</author>
        <pubDate>Fri, 20 Jan 2006 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/900910_every_kid.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="3145026" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[New Approaches Address Getting Alienated Young Men Back to School or Jobs]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Because the United States "can ill afford to have so many of its young people and adults be unskilled, unemployed, and thus unproductive," a new book from the Urban Institute Press tackles the thorny challenge of getting "disconnected" young men back in school or the workforce.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=900909&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 12 Jan 2006 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Health, Housing, and Human Services : Exploring Strategies for the National Capital Region]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[[First Tuesdays Transcript] The Washington, D.C., region fares well compared to other metropolitan areas, with a strong housing market, better-than-average health insurance coverage, and a wide variety of nonprofit social service providers. However, many families and individuals are contending with a short supply of affordable housing options, the high cost of health coverage, and increased competition for social services. Panelists discussed mechanisms for cooperation and obstacles that must be overcome to implement regional solutions.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=900919&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 03 Jan 2006 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Gamut of Challenges Facing Children Is Focus of New Monthly Forum]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The varied and often daunting pathways through childhood, and the public programs and policies meant to ease the journey, will be in the spotlight with the Thursday, January 19, debut of a monthly public discussion series co-hosted by the Urban Institute and the University of Chicago's Chapin Hall Center for Children.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=900899&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Mon, 21 Nov 2005 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Issues and Insights after Hurricane Katrina]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[[First Tuesdays Transcript] As the massive recovery effort gains speed in New Orleans, tens of thousands of displaced families are trying to pick up the pieces of their shattered lives in new host cities across the country. Congress has already approved $62 billion in aid, with more expected soon, and funds from the Federal Emergency Management Agency are beginning to reach those in need. But the long-term consequences of Hurricane Katrina are still unknown. Panelists at this forum discussed the issues families displaced by Hurricane Katrina will have to deal with in the months and years ahead as cities struggle to meet their education, social services, housing, and employment needs.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=900897&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  The Urban Institute )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 04 Oct 2005 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Youth Development Approaches in Adolescent Family Life Demonstration Projects]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[The Office of Adolescent Pregnancy Programs (OAPP/DHHS) has been encouraging its abstinence-oriented grantees to incorporate youth development strategies. It wanted to learn (1) more about the relationship between these strategies and prevention of sexual risk taking, (2) how its funded programs have combined youth development and abstinence education components, and (3) whether one could determine the independent effects of each component on youth outcomes. This report describes findings related to these issues from a comprehensive literature review, examination of grantee documents, and site visits. Recommendations focus on strengthening the usefulness of grantee year-end reports, strengthening individual grantee evaluations, and strengthening OAPP's ability to assess effectiveness across grantees.]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411235&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Martha R. Burt, Jeffrey Capizzano, Janine M. Zweig, Shinta Herwantoro Hernandez, Alexandra Fiorillo )</author>
        <pubDate>Thu, 22 Sep 2005 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411235_youth_development.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="3086683" />
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[Viewpoint: Katrina Could Help the Poor]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[[<b>BBC News</b>] In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, many poor families scattered throughout the United States. "Images of people trapped in New Orleans after Katrina have rekindled interest in American poverty," says Sheila Zedlewski, director of the Income and Benefits Policy Center. Discussing Katrina's impact on poor families, Zedlewski offers perspective on how the storm could serve as a catalyst "to confront poverty head on and create a system that protects all from shock and ruin."]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=900840&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  Sheila R. Zedlewski )</author>
        <pubDate>Wed, 14 Sep 2005 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
    </item>


    <item>
	<title><![CDATA[The Economics of Juvenile Jurisdiction]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[Commissioned by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Adolescent Development and Juvenile Justice, this paper proposes methods for an economic analysis of the nation's separate system of juvenile laws and juvenile courts. Arguments about the value of juvenile justice versus criminal justice traditionally focus on legal principles, adolescent development, and the relative effects of prevention and punishment. This paper suggests adding a cost-benefit approach to the debate. Do the benefits of maintaining a separate legal system for young offenders outweigh the costs? What are those costs and benefits, and can they be measured?]]></description>
	<link>http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?id=411208&amp;RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml</link>
		<author>paffairs@urban.org (  John Roman, Jeffrey A. Butts )</author>
        <pubDate>Tue, 16 Aug 2005 00:00:00 EST</pubDate>
		
		<enclosure url="http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411208_Juvenile_Jurisdiction.pdf?RSSFeed=UI_Adolescents.xml" type="application/pdf" length="175433" />
		
    </item>

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