Key findings, based on case studies of New York, Los Angeles, and Houston, show that: immigrants and limited English speakers make up a significant share of those on welfare; many have significant barriers to work including less education and work history than natives; and immigrants on welfare are less likely to be working and more likely to be working in dead-end jobs. Job training programs often have English language requirements, limiting immigrants' access. The authors conclude that combining part-time work and language training can help immigrant welfare recipients move into jobs and off the welfare rolls.