Despite some progress during the 1990s, the share of African Americans joining the middle class has stagnated over the past 20-30 years. In testimony to the U.S. Civil Rights Commission, Urban Institute visiting fellow Harry Holzer suggests public policy should focus on improving educational attainment and skill development among blacks at all levels of schooling; improving labor force attachment and access to better jobs, especially among young black men; and raising the number of black families with two adult earners, or at least where fathers contribute to family incomes.