View Research by Author - Sandra J. Clark

Publications

There are two Highlights for each state. The income support and social services Highlights look at basic income support programs, employment and training programs, child care, child support enforcement, and the last-resort safety net. The Highlights capture policies in place and planned in 1996 and early 1997.

There are two Highlights for each state. The income support and social services Highlights look at basic income support programs, employment and training programs, child care, child support enforcement, and the last-resort safety net. The Highlights capture policies in place and planned in 1996 and early 1997.

The state reports describe the safety net and health care programs in place for low-income people on the eve of welfare reform. The reports also analyze the particular circumstances that are shaping the state's response to the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA). The state reports are based on case studies in the respective state.

The state reports describe the safety net and health care programs in place for low-income people on the eve of welfare reform. The reports also analyze the particular circumstances that are shaping the state's response to the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA). The state reports are based on case studies in the respective state.

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) eliminates federal child care entitlements and consolidates the major sources of federal child care subsidies for low-income children into a single block grant to states. The new block grant provides the potential for substantially greater child care funding depending on the options adopted by states. This analysis examines the funding options states have under PRWORA and the decisions states must make regarding their need for child care assistance.

This report presents the results of a project that examined coordinated community responses to domestic violence and focuses on communities that are attempting to incorporate non-justice system services and stakeholders into their responses. It details each community's efforts, including the history, features, and outcomes of the coordination. The report also discusses how the communities created change, the mechanisms used, and the opportunities for further efforts. The report concludes with a summary of important issues for communities to consider in coordinating a response to domestic violence that includes a broad range of organizations and stakeholders.

This report presents estimates of how the major income security changed proposed by H.R. 3734 would affect family incomes. Such welfare reform legislation is designed to decrease dependency on government assistance and to shift more responsibility for social programs to states. The analysis, based upon the Urban Institute's TRIM2 microsimulation model, compares how families would fare under the new rules compared to current program rules, making reasonable assumptions about how program changes will affect behavior.

This paper examines how a budget reconciliation bill under the Balanced Budget Act of 1995 would affect social welfare programs, taxes, and family income by using the Urban Institute's TRIM2 microsimulation model. Topics covered include (1) how current government programs assist families; (2) how the reconciliation bill would affect families; (3) the aggregate effects of changes in government spending and taxes; (4) effects on total family income; and (5) effects on poverty. The study does not consider the bill's proposed changes in government health programs nor does it include the effects of reductions in capital gains taxes.

Current welfare-reform efforts aim to move families receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) benefits from welfare to work. With the anticipated increase in the number of women working, there would be a corresponding increase in the use of nonparental child care. The costs associated with such changes are highly uncertain. Local child care resource and referral agencies provided data about the price and accessibility of child care, as well as availability of assistance for low-income families in six communities.

This report describes how the Transfer Income Model (TRIM2) models child support characteristics and alternative child support assurance programs. Included are an overview of miscrosimulation and TRIM2, how the Current Population Survey was used as the primary data source, and a description of the methods used to model child support characteristics and a national child support assurance program (CSAP). The report also discusses how TRIM2 models interactions of child support income, CSAP benefits, and tax and transfer programs. The strengths and limitations of these methods are also discussed.

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