| |
1968* |
2008 |
| U.S. population | 200,706,052 | 305,529,237 |
| Minimum wage in 2007 dollars | $9.15 | |
| Dow Jones Industrial Average | 944 (Dec 31) | |
| % of families headed by female with no husband present | 11 | 19 |
| % of women age 25–54 in paid jobs | 46 | 73 |
| % of federal spending (discretionary vs. mandatory) | 66 vs. 34 | 38 vs. 62 |
% of employed labor force age 25 and older
with a college degree | 14 (1970) | 35 |
| Average SAT score of entering college classes | math 533 | math 515 |
| | verbal 541 | critical reading 502 |
| | | writing 494 |
| GDP per capita (2006 dollars) | $20,387 | $46,871 |
| National health expenditures as share of GDP | 6.1% | 16.6% (estimated) |
| Urban % of total population | 70 | 84 |
% of voting-age citizen population who voted
in presidential election | 64 | 63 |
| Violent crimes per 100,000 people | 298 | 467 |
| Share of total household income received by | | |
| poorest fifth | 4.2% | 3.4% |
| richest fifth | 42.8% | 49.7% |
| Foreign-born population | 9.7 million (1970) | 38 million (2006) |
| % of U.S. population that is foreign born | 4.8 (1970) | 12.6 (2006) |
*year Urban Institute was founded
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