Citation URL: http://www.urban.org/KatePomper

This study shows that a large, computerized survey instrument (the National Survey of America's Families) can serve as an excellent vehicle for identifying a target sample for further research (very poor families with children not currently working or receiving cash government assistance) and that qualitative information can be obtained effectively through telephone interviews. The interviews reveal that 56 percent of the families interviewed currently fit all study income criteria; 13 percent had a change in status since their NSAF interview; and 31 percent provided different information during the qualitative interview than they provided during the NSAF interview. The rate of survey discrepancies is actually lower than that found in previous studies that have attempted to verify income data in government surveys. The interviews suggest ways to improve the collection of income data in quantitative survey instruments.

Interviews with about 100 families with children living without earnings or government cash assistance illuminate how very poor health, limited skills, and the lack of jobs, transportation and child care raise serious barriers to employment. They also illustrate how sanctions, time limits, and other administrative hassles can prevent welfare participation for many families without work. Interviewed families, all with incomes below 50 percent of poverty, coped by combining in-kind government support, child support, help from family or friends, "side jobs," and charity. Food stamps provided a base of support for about half of the families, but half of those not receiving food stamps had their benefits terminated for administrative reasons. The interviews demonstrate what families need in order to work and what they need when work cannot be achieved.

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